tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81599296656465180042024-02-08T03:36:37.611-08:00Pictures for essay writingEssay Topics For Short Essayscraigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.comBlogger81125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-29653224591510273512020-08-27T10:31:00.001-07:002020-08-27T10:31:08.717-07:00Ethical Issues Facing Information TechnologyQuestion: Expound on theEthical Issues Facing Information Technology. Answer: The transformation of innovation has cleared route to the turn of events and activities that improve the data and correspondence division. The expansion of use of the web and the whole World Wide Web has prompted the defenselessness of the protection and information security. In today society e-banking and web based business has made our lives simpler since we can shop and execute at any area whenever. This has prompted the danger of purchaser protection and information by providers and advertisers. The advertisers gather data from the purchasers exchange so as to contemplate his purchasing behaviors. The data can likewise fall in an inappropriate hand and hazard the customer life and his benefits. Because of the immense information the Internet clients are advised to utilize the data for good deeds yet rather there have been various reports of web security, for example, hacking of private data or individual archives and robbery of unapproved information. This report will focus on th e moral issues of the danger of customers data and information by programmers and advertisers as they attempt to get distinctive data from the shoppers. Hacking is the demonstration of recovering unapproved information .It has been a significant issue to the Government because of the expansion instances of hacking of government sites and internet based life accounts. This dangers the administration data and private information. This cases have expanded in the ongoing years because of the accessibility of unlimited web and accessibility of hacking data in the snap of a catch. The web has opened up ways to con artists, unlawful deals of illicit substances, human dealing, illegal tax avoidance. The Government has gotten various cases concerning web-based social networking tricks and hacking of individual and private sites (Koops, 2015). The web has been utilized to actuate contempt toward the legislature particularly in the online networking which has driven dread and agitation. A few gatherings of programmers have ganged up and submitted a few hacks in enormous corporate firms where they take data and coerce them for money. The web has prompted the expanded exhibit and dissent in the road because of the instigation of individuals from the internet based life. The Web 2.0 has made ready to a portion of the moral instances of web use because of the expansion social association which has been improved by the expanded web based life applications. The Government is exploring on how they can control the web to diminish such cases (Adomi, 2010). The web has prompted the development of religion through the online networking where the factions draw in youngsters including adolescents and fabricate a relationship with them. They wind up conditioning them with clever data against the administration and others. This is done through the online life which is allowed to download and get to. The Increased relationship has prompted the enlistment of youngsters into the gatherings some of which utilize the web to hack companys sites. The cases were found in London in the United Kingdom where youngsters were dissenting and revolting in the road with an intend to plunder the stores and make pointless agitation. The examination demonstrated that the dissent and the uproars were started through the online life like Facebook and twitter. This prompted the House of Common drove By Ivan Lewis the secretary of culture to help the legislature in evaluating measures to forestall crimes sorted out through the online networking. The United Kingdom government has planned gathering through the media to advise the young about the maltreatment regarding the web. The legislature felt free to boycott all the known destinations of the agitators and suspected gathering and closing down their web-based social networking systems without the in regards to the individual opportunities. This activity was done to attempt to secure the miscreants (Luppicini, 2009). The previous Prime Minister David Cameron said they are taking a shot at measures with the police to stop the correspondence of the individuals who are utilizing the web-based social networking to impact other to carry out violations. In 2011 a vigilante bunch called Anonymous caused agitation in the legislature when they hacked the administration site to prevent the administration from obstructing their destinations. This prompted the Malaysian government to build the checking of their sites and furthermore increment mindfulness in people in general. The programmers had likewise injured the online installment organizations like PayPal and MasterCard as an approach to make an impression on the world about their prominence.When the Malaysian government was hacked very nearly 41 of its sites were assaulted for the time being. The gathering disturbed correspondence however no close to home information was lost. This prompted numerous nations expanding their firewalls and security in the ir sites to forestall such occurrences (Gasson et al, 2012). The hacking has prompted the expansion of adolescents been assaulted because of their web movement like posting pictures and area through the online life. Crooks have gone computerized where they assault the casualties following their online networking exercises. The web can give the culprits your area which they can track and mischief you. The have likewise been an ascent of situations where young person becoming hopelessly enamored with outsiders over the web. The youngsters are programmed for the sake of adoration and are misused in carrying out violations (Plomp, 2009). Exploration has demonstrated that, regardless of the points of interest that the web presents to us, the web has prompted the moral use of the web where it has been utilized to fuel dissent and uproars, hacking of the administration and private sites and conditioning and influencing individual relationship particularly the youngsters through the web. This has prompted conversation and examination on how we can make the web a superior spot. This is the manner by which to keep the web from misuse and abuse for others intrigue. The fundamental test confronting the administration and the individuals is the manner by which to control the web to make it ok for the youngsters and how to instruct them about the moral utilization of the web. The administration call for observing and checking for utilizations particular to the known gatherings who utilize the web to assemble an after to cause distress and other crimes (Kobayashi, 2008). The primary test is instructing the youngsters on the neg ative sides of the media since the web has tremendous data on nearly everything. The youngsters will in general have confidence in it since it is the thing that they are acceptable at. The web can make harm the economy where the administration can't control the uproars and induction from the web sources particularly the web based life. The ascent in the crimes coordinated from the web has prompted the administration calling for control of the web. This implies the moral use of the web has been seen as a significant issue in various states. Some administration like the Malaysian government have felt free to propose a legitimate authorization of web by revising the Evidence Act of 1950 which expanded control of the web use in the nation In (Ceccato, 2015). The administration ought to teach the youngsters of the moral utilization of the web. This ought to be fused in the school modules and projects. This will instruct the youngsters of the unlawful utilization of the web and the impacts. The administration ought to authorize laws wand limitation on the utilization of the web based life as far as prompting others to perpetrate violations. Such destinations ought to be restricted and blocked. The administration sanctioned laws to rebuff the programmers and other unlawful clients of the web. This will show a thing or two to other who are carrying out a similar wrongdoing (Mohamed, 2015). The Government ought to encourage the guardians to screen their youngsters web exercises to lessen the instances of web relationship which have shrouded plans. The administration should employ an extraordinary authority to manufacture solid firewalls on their sites and furthermore exhort other privately owned businesses to expand their security on their locales. The security strategy of the web ought to be updated to give the administration control to screen any crime in the online life and the whole web. The administration should hold a gathering in the web based life to instruct the individuals about the moral utilization of the web to lessen the instances of incitation of individuals through the web (Goh, 2010). References In Koops, B.- J. (2015). Mindful development 2: Concepts, approaches, and applications. Adomi, E. E. (2010). Structures for ICT strategy: Government, social and legitimate issues. Hershey: Information Science Reference. Luppicini, R., Adell, R. (2009). Handbook of exploration on techno morals. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Gasson, M. N., Kosta, E., Bowman, D. (2012). Human ICT inserts: Technical, lawful and moral contemplations. Hague, the Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press. Plomp, T. (2009). Cross-national data and correspondence innovation approaches and practices in training. Charlotte, NC: IAP-Information Age Pub. Kobayashi, R. (2008). New instructive innovation. New York: Nova Science Publishers. In Ceccato, V., In Newton, A. (2015). Wellbeing and security in travel situations: An interdisciplinary methodology. Mohamed, N. S. (2015). Data and correspondence innovation in Sudan: A financial investigation of effect and use in colleges. Goh, T. T. (2010). Multiplatform E-learning frameworks and innovations: Mobile gadgets for pervasive ICT-based training. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. In Mhiripiri, N. An., In Chari, T. (2017). Media law, morals, and strategy in the advanced age. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-11942359037226404702020-08-22T23:37:00.001-07:002020-08-22T23:37:34.638-07:00Organizational Behavior Essay Example for FreeAuthoritative Behavior Essay The official language of Japan is Japanese. The official religion is Buddhism. A supper consistently has rice, even breakfast. White rice is called gohan. Dinners frequently comprise of gohan, a bowl of pickles called tsukemono, a bowl of soup, and an assortment of different dishes like fish, meat, and vegetables. This is called okazu. Since Japan is an island nation they expend a great deal of fish including squid, crab, octopus, shrimp, whale, lobster and ocean growth. Slurping your soup or noodles shows the Japanese that you are making the most of your dinner. While working together men should wear dim and moderate clothing. Shoes ought to be anything but difficult to evacuate as this will be done regularly. When utilizing a restroom in someoneââ¬â¢s home, you will be required to wear a particular pair of shoes before utilizing it. Ladies should wear low obeyed shoes to abstain from being taller than men. Pointing is viewed as inconsiderate. It is custom to show up later than expected, promptness isn't normal. Cash isn't straightforwardly shown, utilize an envelope. The number fourteen is misfortune, it seems like the Japanese word for death. Business and individual blessing giving is significant and ought to be done toward the finish of the visit. Business cards ought to be imprinted in your home language on one side and in Japanese on the other. A bow, not a handshake is the best possible approach to welcome. EGYPT In Egypt the transcendent religion is Islam. Outsiders are relied upon to dress unobtrusively, don't wear Egyptian apparel. Coats and ties are required for men, ladies should likewise dress humbly. Egyptians stand extremely near one another, moving ceaselessly from them is viewed as a demonstration of lack of approachability, be that as it may, other genders stand further separated than we do in the United States. Demonstrating your shoe sole is viewed as an affront to the next individual you are meeting, don't fold your legs during your gathering. Smoking out in the open is normal, present and offer your cigarettes. Arabic is perused from the privilege to one side. Books start on what Americans consider to be the last page. Business cards ought to be imprinted in Arabic on one side of the card, and in English on the opposite side of the card. BRAZIL In Brazil, Portugese is the official language, in spite of the fact that others communicate in Spanish, Italian, and different dialects. No official religion is recorded, anyway most Brazilians practice Roman Catholic. Brazil is the worldââ¬â¢s fifth biggest nation in populace and landmass. Half of Brazilââ¬â¢s populace is younger than twenty. When leading business tuxedos ought to be worn by people, and womenââ¬â¢s nails ought to be manicured. You ought to abstain from wearing the hues green and yellow together, as it is the shades of the Brazilian banner. The alright hand signal is viewed as inconsiderate; to communicate thankfulness you should squeeze your ear cartilage between your thumb and pointer. Calendar all arrangements in any event fourteen days ahead of time, to them, time is cash. Never examine business your host does. Brazilians engage business cliental in a café, never in their homes. Blessing giving isn't required. When sending a bundle of roses, stay away from the shading purple as it utilized for memorial services. Tipping in Brazil is exceptionally normal and is as a rule around 10%. When welcoming, handshaking for men is exceptionally ordinary while ladies trade kisses by putting themselves up close and kissing the air. When welcoming the other individual utilizing titles are imperative to them. At the point when you are attempting to start up a discussion with them great discussion subjects are soccer, their families and kids. Discussion subjects to keep away from are legislative issues, religion, and the downpour timberland. In the wake of checking on these three nations and there societies I would need to state that Japan would be the nation with the most business fulfillment. Albeit extremely populated, Japan passed an established law soon after World War II that gave ladies the option to pick their occupation. Since that law, more ladies have gone into the workforce and gotten the instruction and preparing conceivable to hold top of the line official employments that were once held by man alone. Despite the fact that Brazil and Egypt have more elevated levels of ladies in the workforce the majority of the employments are local, such as cleaning and cooking. References http://www.cyborlink.com.[Retrieved] January 14, 2013. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-56418942274165276322020-08-22T11:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:35:15.971-07:00Limitation of GDP as a Measure of Economic WelfareConfinement of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare Presentation There are different various markers utilized by the financial experts to gauge the advancement of the economy and GDP ought to be the one most usually utilized practically speaking. It could mirror the quantitative changes of the monetary turn of events, however its characteristics. The confinement of GDP here keeps it from estimating the monetary government assistance individuals get. This paper will examine how GDP is determined and the restrictions of GDP in estimating the financial government assistance. There will be likewise the presentation of the substitutions of GDP which are created to quantify the financial government assistance. The Concept of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and Its Calculation Gross domestic product is the shortened form of total national output. It alludes to the market estimation of all the last merchandise and ventures delivered by one nation or district with the creation factors in a single year or in certain timeframe (Gutierrez et al., 2007). It was first evolved by the financial expert Simon Kuznets during the 1930s and has been step by step utilized by the legislatures of different nations to quantify the all out estimation of the yield of the economy after the Second World War. From that point forward, GDP has been the pointer for the estimation of improvement level of the economy. It is a significant file of the general circumstance of the macroeconomics, which mirrors the advancements of the economy. Gross domestic product has a place with the field of the estimating of the total economy. There are essentially three techniques to compute the estimation of GDP, in particular, the creation approach, the pay approach and the use approach. They mirror the consequences of the national economy from various perspectives. The creation approach computes the financial outcomes by summing up the all out yield estimations of the considerable number of parts of the economy and taking away the estimation of all the moderate products. The methodology just incorporates the worth included the creation procedure, so it is likewise called the worth included methodology (Viet, 2009). The subsequent strategy is the salary approach. It centers around the salary created in the creation procedure. Different creation factors are engaged with the creation procedure and they can get the pay per their important commitment to the monetary exercises. The synopsis of the considerable number of wages of the different creation factors is the aftereffect of the financial exercises. For instance, works and capitals are the primary elements utilized in the creation. So their earnings, the wages and the premium establish the primary piece of the GDP determined by theincome approach (Viet, 2012). The use approach figures the GDP f rom the perspective on the last utilizations of the items and administrations. The aftereffects of the last items and administrations for the most part incorporate two primary parts, the utilization and the speculation. Also, utilization covers the need from the family unit segments, the administration and the remote buyers. So in the use approach, GDP incorporates the family unit utilization, the speculation, the administration spending and the net fares. By and by, the consumption approach is most basic strategy utilized by the legislature of nations on the planet. (Viet, 2011) The Limitations of GDP The progressions of GDP could mirror the pattern of the financial turn of events and the vast majority of the nations think about the expansion of GDP as the objectives of the monetary development. In spite of the fact that GDP has been utilized generally as the marker to quantify the improvement level of the world economy, there are inborn confinement and shortcomings in this strategy that forestalls its more extensive use in the monetary development. Furthermore, it especially decreases the productivity of GDP in assessing the monetary government assistance. The fundamental confinement of GDP is that it doesn't mirror all the substance of the financial exercises, which debilitates the job of GDP as the marker of the monetary government assistance. Gross domestic product can't mirror the general circumstance of peopleââ¬â¢s government assistance As a rule, the financial development could bring the expansion of peopleââ¬â¢s salary, just as their monetary government assistance. The per capita GDP is normally used to show the normal degree of peopleââ¬â¢s pay in the nations. What's more, it is additionally used to arrange the provinces of their monetary improvement levels. In any case, it can't mirror the distinctions of the peopleââ¬â¢s government assistance brought about by the distinctions of salary circulation. For instance, for the man having no cash by any means, he could turn into an extremely rich person as far as the per capita GDP when there is just he and Bill Gates in his nation. However, he isn't probably going to appreciate a similar government assistance as Bill. So GDP, or the per capita GDP covers the genuine circumstance of the government assistance individuals truly get (Bã ©renger and Verdier-Chouchane, 2007). In addition, there are a lot of things in peopleââ¬â¢s government assistance, not simply the monetary one. The recreation and family joy are additionally significant piece of the government assistance. Individuals would have brief period to go through with families when they are occupied in delivering the last items and administrations. The expansion of the GDP doesn't mean the increment of peopleââ¬â¢s by and large government assistance. The non-advertise financial exercises Plus, what GDP doesn't cover is the non-showcase monetary exercises. Per the idea of GDP, it mirrors the market estimations of the last items and administrations. For the items and administrations that are not traded available, their qualities are difficult to assess. For instance, the family unit works wrapped up by the full-time housewives, such as cooking, cleaning, and dealing with the olds and kids, are not paid in by the family. So they are excluded from the figuring of GDP. However, in the event that these works are finished by the sitters who recruited and paid by the families, they will be secured by GDP, since they have the market esteems. In the created nations, there is an elevated level of the marketization of the housework. The kids will be sent to kindergartens, olds to the nursing home. Individuals have increasingly opportunity to eat outside as opposed to cooking home. Every one of these works will be determined in GDP. In any case, in the creating nations, the vast majority of the housework is done by the quantities of the family. Also, their endeavors are not perceived by the market and the GDP. A similar family works will make various commitments to the figuring of GDP in various nations. Be that as it may, for individuals regardless of in the created nations or the creating ones, these works increment their government assistance (Bridgman et al., 2012). In the count of GDP, the absence of these non-showcase monetary exercises decreases the capacity of GDP to give a full impression of the financial exercises. So it couldn't tell the total government assistance individuals get from the monetary exercises. Gross domestic product doesn't mirror the nature of the monetary turn of events What individuals could get from GDP is only the quantity of the worth included the given time. It just mirrors the number changes of the yield of the economy or the quantitative development of the economy. The nature of the yield and the economy can't be replied by this pointer. What's more, the development of GDP doesn't rise to with the monetary development, since the financial development likewise contains the improvement of the financial quality (Costanza et al., 2009). For instance, the expansion of GDP couldn't tell how the economy develops. There are normally three driven powers of the economy, the utilization, the speculation and the exportation. On the off chance that the expansion of the GDP is brought about by the utilization from the family segment, the nature of the financial development could be considered as a decent development. Be that as it may, in the event that it is principally determined by the speculation, particularly the one in the land showcase or the foundations, the nature of the monetary development is worth to stress, since this sort of development can't support for quite a while. The speculation just builds the quantity of GDP, however not the government assistance individuals could get. When utilizing GDP as the fundamental marker to evaluate the financial development, there would be some odd things in the advancement plans and practices of the legislatures. They would have the inspiration to speculation tremendous assets in the structure of the frameworks, similar to streets, railroads and air terminals, since these tasks would produce incredible increment of GDP. Furthermore, they donââ¬â¢t need to consider whether these undertakings are required or not, which could cause the misuse of the social and financial assets. Moreover, mishaps would be invited by the administrations, since they likewise can build the GDP. When there are mishaps, the new vehicles or properties will be expected to supplant the ones harmed in the mishaps, which implies the expansion of the last items and administrations. Be that as it may, peopleââ¬â¢s government assistance doesn't perceive any expansion in these exercises (Costanza et al., 2009). What GDP gives is only the virus numbers about the sum changes of the economy. It can't mirror the nature of the monetary development. The earth cost and contamination Aside from the constraint in figuring the total substance and nature of the financial development, GDP likewise can't mirror the concealed expenses of the monetary development, especially the earth cost of the monetary exercises. Gross domestic product just takes care of the costs that could be traded and esteemed in the market. These condition costs, similar to the natural interruption and contamination, for the most part can't be esteemed in the market and they are not determined by GDP (Costanza et al., 2009). When building up the economy, it is expected to expend the characteristic assets from the earth. In any case, the assets are restricted. The unreasonable use of the recourses in the current monetary exercises could welcome the negative effect on the future turn of events. Also, the financial development isn't maintainable in this model. Be that as it may, this can't be reflected by GDP. In the mean time, monetary development could cause the natural interruption and contamination. These are likewise the expenses of the monetary development. Nonetheless, they are excluded from GDP, since Mother Nature doesn't charge the cost in humansââ¬â¢ monetary exercises. What's more, the idiotic people won't figure these expenses until they pay for it. The Re craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-55968060900677204432020-08-21T21:19:00.001-07:002020-08-21T21:19:18.175-07:00Economics IA Commentary Coversheet Essay Example for FreeFinancial aspects IA Commentary Coversheet Essay November 11 2009 The joblessness rate remains at 7.8% up 0.1% over the quarter and 2.0% on a year ago. About 29 million individuals were in work in the period July to September as per the work power review (LFS). The quantity of individuals utilized was up by 6,000 this quarter yet somewhere around 490,000 on the most recent year. The working age business rate is 72.5% down 0.1% on the last quarter and down 1.9% on the most recent year. ILO-characterized joblessness in July to September was 2.46 million (7.9%) up by 30,000 jobless on April-June and 629,000 from this time a year ago. The petitioner forget about for key of-work benefits was 1.6395 million in October up by 22,900 on a month ago, and up 632,700 on a year ago. Profit development throughout the year to August (counting rewards) was 1.6%, down 0.2% from the earlier month. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Yvette Cooper stated: The figures show more individuals in work and significantly increasingly youngsters taking up our proposal of full time instruction and preparing, which is welcome news. The way that joblessness is fundamentally lower than everybody conjecture toward the start of the year shows the help for the economy is having a genuine effect. In any case, we realize things are as yet intense for a great deal of families, and joblessness is relied upon to increment further one year from now. That is the reason were resolved to accomplish more with an extra 35,000 youth employments, more apprenticeships and instruction puts so we can ensure no youngster stalls out in long haul joblessness. The makes sense of today likewise fortify the way that the UK work showcase is performing superior to most significant economies. They show UK joblessness at 7.8%, contrasted with an EU normal of 9.2% and lower than 14 other EU nations including France (10.0%), Ireland (13.0%) and Spain (19.3%), just as the US (10.2%) and Canada (8.6%). Remarking on the most recent measurements, John Philpott, Chief Economist and Director of Public Policy at the CIPD, stated: UK joblessness is proceeding to rise however at a much more slow pace than prior in the year. While this isn't unforeseen the way that the joblessness all out stayed beneath 2.5 million in the quarter finishing off with September is empowering. In any case, the relative improvement ought not be deciphered as proof that the work advertise is coming back to wellbeing, with male joblessness and long haul joblessness proceeding to rise and youth joblessness now at a record rate notwithstanding a flood in the quantity of youngsters remaining on in instruction to maintain a strategic distance from the give. Joblessness stayed underneath 2.5 million in the three months to September fundamentally in light of the fact that there was an ascent in low maintenance business, transitory business and agreement working, the last boosting independent work. This more than balance a proceeded with checked crumbling in all day occupations for representatives. Such an example is regular in a work showcase where by and large interest for staff is powerless and as the Bank of England emphasized today in its most recent quarterly Inflation Report the monetary standpoint unsure, with the way to recuperation liable to be moderate. At such occasions businesses who need to select stay careful about employing full-time staff and it is noteworthy that todayââ¬â¢s ONS figures don't show an improvement in the degree of occupation opening. This example is likewise ordinarily joined by a high pace of automatic low maintenance working there are currently right around 1 million individuals working low maintenance since they canââ¬â¢t get an all day line of work. Ladies keep on being the principle recipients of a work showcase where open doors for low maintenance business are expanding, while men miss out as all day employments are being lost. Accordingly the CIPD anticipates that the pace of male joblessness should transcend 10% in 2010, with the extent of men in work set to tumble to a record low. The present example of interest for work is additionally doing nothing to facilitate the predicament of youngsters. The most recent quarter saw a further huge fall in the quantity of under-25s in work, with the joblessness rate for 18-multi year olds now at a record high. There is little relief in the way that the quantity of jobless youngsters stayed underneath 1 million. This is clarified by a quarterly flood in the quantity of youngsters classed as ââ¬Ëeconomically inactiveââ¬â¢, which the ONS figures demonstrate is essentially because of progressively youngsters remaining on at school or school, very likely as an option in contrast to the give. This article manages joblessness in the UK. An individual can be viewed as jobless when he is automatically unemployed, anyway is happy to work at current pay rates. One of the governmentââ¬â¢s primary objectives is to accomplish full business, where all individuals who are capable and willing, are working. This is very valuable for the economy since it tends to be viewed as working at most extreme proficiency, which causes development and improvement. A decent method to show a nations economy considering joblessness is utilize a PPF. The creation probability boondocks is the orange line where the economy is working at full productivity (full business), utilizing the entirety of its assets. Point X is the point at which the economy isn't utilizing the entirety of its assets, and has individuals jobless. http://i.investopedia.com/inv/word reference/terms/ppf.gif Basic joblessness is a potential purpose behind the huge diminishing of laborers. This particular sort of joblessness centers fundamentally around the loss of occupations under the condition that the interest for a specific item falls, or there is a move of creation abroad. In the classification of disequilibrium joblessness, Demand insufficient (Cyclical) Unemployment is no doubt the main source for the UKs work power being scaled down. Because of the worldwide downturn, purchasers can bear the cost of less products and ventures, accordingly the total interest diminishes fundamentally (henceforth the name â⬠request insufficient). On the off chance that the interest for creation has considerably fallen, at that point normally the interest for work will likewise fall. Request inadequate joblessness can be outlined utilizing a chart. Because of the fall in the D of products and ventures, interest for work moves inwards from D1 to D2. With this, disequilibrium joblessness happens with the quantity of laborers moving from Q1 to Q2. At the point when interest for work is solid, organizations donââ¬â¢t waver to rise compensation, in spite of the fact that when interest for work falls, and wages should be cut, laborers will oppose wage cuts, consequently it is difficult for the organization to cut wages for a lot of laborers without causing some thoughtful unsettling influence or intricacies inside the firm. On the off chance that the organization does decided to do this, the work power will lose control and will need to fight back in some way or another, maybe taking to the streets. Because of a circumstance like this, portions of the organization won't produce/working, bringing about wastefulness. Beside that, it will be tumultuous, pulling in negative consideration from purchasers and media, which is obviously the companyââ¬â¢s last need. Taking everything into account, the organization won't be in charge, when this is in actuality their primary need, to support the dependability and ideal working usefulness. That is the reason the organization wants to cut back laborers, and keep themselves running as best and as productively as could reasonably be expected. So as to manage request lacking joblessness the legislature ought to force fiscalor money related arrangements to raise total interest and along these lines raise the interest for occupations. In the short run, when the AD moves to one side (from AD1 to AD2) this causes and increment in genuine GDP (move from Q1 to Q2 and P1 to P2). On the off chance that AD would keep on developing in the short run, the nation would arrive at a greatest gracefully. This consistent battle for the nation to meet AD by expanding yield would cause expansion rather than development. In any case in the event that the weight is generally little in the SR (short run) at that point it would be a lot simpler to manage AD in the LR. Flexibly side arrangements are government approaches intended to build yield, and ought to likewise be forced so as to adapt to joblessness. Utilizing a LRAS (since quite a while ago run total flexibly) graph is a decent method to show the impacts of gracefully side arrangements. On the off chance that the Government were to force flexibly side strategies, the LRAS bend would move directly from LRAS1 â⬠LRAS2. The cost would then tumble from P1 to P2 and the amount (yield + occupations) would increment from Q1 to Q2. Conclusivley the Government ought to research the best technique to diminish joblessness. By forcing proper guidelines and approaches. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-16175690273332824172020-08-21T09:17:00.001-07:002020-08-21T09:17:11.954-07:007 Reasons Why One Should Start Blogging7 Reasons Why One Should Start Blogging Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!7 Reasons Why One Should Start BloggingUpdated On 17/04/2017Author : Lalit IndoriaTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oz0Zfj CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIm a new member of HBB and a novice in Blogging too. This is my first post for HBB. I hope my friend and senior S.Pradeep Kumar likes it.If you are a student, you can also check why students should start a blog. Okay so in this first post of mine for HBB I would like to write about a few advantages which one gets once he starts Blogging.#1 The first reason is that you find a base to share your thoughts with the world. You can share your knowledge and act like an online teacher too ?? By doing this you can observe a change in your life. And the comments which you get on your posts make you feel proud of yourself.#2 By writing Blogs you change your angle of viewing the world. The way in which a normal int ernet user sees a web page is totally different from the way a blogger sees it. A blogger would think of ideas and a general user would in fact appreciate the writer /*only if it is good :P*/#3 Another advantage of being a Blogger is that you start living in the present world. You keep updating yourself and thereby you increase your knowledge too which helps you in writing more.#4 You develop your communication skills since you interact with the blogging community and your readers. This enhances your style of communicating with the people.#5 Once you start blogging you would never feel that you are alone. i can take myself as an example for this. Blogging is the best way to keep you engaged. You meet new people who actually get to know who you are and who you have been till now. So if you ever feel isolated, ??#6 Suppose if you want to achieve a goal, you would announce it on your blog stating that you will be doing this task tomorrow. Your readers will be your cheerleaders. An d you will obviously not want your readers to think that you are a loser. You will not want to come back and tell your readers that you couldnt complete your task. That increases you will power.#7 You can be like HBB S.Pradeep Kumar, who is a role model to me. He is my senior in the same college and its by seeing his Facebook updates that I thought of starting a Blog. Now this would make Pradeep feel good. So if you are a Blogger, you can be another Pradeep Kumar for some other Lalit. ??READWrite Killer Articles For Killer TrafficUseful Articles For New Bloggers : Tips To Maintain Concentration In BloggingAvoid Basic Blogging Mistakes [Myths Legends]5 Things Every New Blogger Must Know5 Things To Keep In Mind Before Starting A BlogSo here ends my list of reasons. I personally like to encourage others to start Blogging. So those who havent started a blog yet, dont waste your time reading blogs, instead create one ?? And those who already own Blogs, please do comment and tell whethe r these reasons are true from your point of view or not. A sincere thanks to Pradeep to help me start Blogging. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-72039493024575646842020-07-03T01:10:00.001-07:002020-07-03T01:10:02.896-07:00Which College Literature Classes Should I Take One way to get your freshman 15! Congratulations! Youââ¬â¢ve gotten to college, and now you never have to read another book in your life! But thatââ¬â¢s exactly the opposite of what books can do for you in college. Instead of a book being something you have to read, think about college literature classes as your opportunity to get to read. Whether or not youââ¬â¢re a humanities major, odds are pretty good that youââ¬â¢ll be required to take an English course or some sort of literature course at some point in your four years of college. The list of literature courses can seem overwhelming. And they can lurk across lots of departments: the best course on Russian novels might be in the Slavic Languages and Literature Department, but it might also be in Comparative Literature, English, Art History, Classics, Politics, Folklore and Mythology, or History and Literature, to name just a few. Here are some ways to get the most out of that potentiallyscary literature class: 1) Take a lecture courseââ¬âbut donââ¬â¢t be afraid to take a specialized lecture. Even if you havenââ¬â¢t taken other literature courses, specialized lectures--The American Novel from 1860 to the Present, Twentieth-Century Irish Poetry, The Canterbury Tales-- can be a great place to start. Big sweeping introductory classes are often terrific, but they donââ¬â¢t have to be your first literature course. If youââ¬â¢re considering a literature lecture, consider one on a single author, or a single genre, or a single time period. Even if you donââ¬â¢t come in with a lot of background knowledge, thatââ¬â¢s okay, because the topic is narrow enough so that you can launch right into the material without mastering everything under the sun first. 2) Take a small seminar, even if youââ¬â¢ve never taken a college literature course before. Donââ¬â¢t be intimidated by the fact that you have nowhere to hide ââ¬â embrace it! Seminars arenââ¬â¢t just for experts ââ¬â they give you a chance to ask lots of questions and puzzle your way through totally new ways of thinking with individualized help. 3) Ask people who are majors in humanities departments to recommend professors to you. Donââ¬â¢t just rely on your friends for this; instead, you should turn to people who are juniors and seniors in departments with a lot of literature courses and ask them which professors theyââ¬â¢ve had very positive experiences with. Ask them why the professor is so good: is the professor a brilliant discussion leader? An astounding lecturer? A generous but firm editor? Then, look at the course offerings from that professor. 4) Take a literature class with a book on the syllabus that youââ¬â¢ve read before but hated. You know you should like The Sound and the Fury, which you read in junior year of high school, but somehow, you just couldnââ¬â¢t get into it then. Or you knew that Walt Whitman is supposed to be great, but youââ¬â¢ve never clicked with ââ¬Å"I Hear America Singing.â⬠This is your opportunity to re-discover the books and authors that youââ¬â¢ve completely written off. You might find something in them that you love after all. In short: donââ¬â¢t be afraid to take a college literature class. All the excuses--ââ¬Å"I hated AP English,â⬠or ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t write,â⬠or ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know how to think about books,â⬠or ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know where to startâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Why would I bother to take a literature class when I should be taking something more practical?â⬠--are just getting in the way: instead, give yourself a chance to explore! For more relevant reading, check out these other blog posts, written by our English tutors: X, Y, Z. Looking to work with Adrienne Raphel? Feel free to get in touch! Cambridge Coaching offers private in-person tutoring in New York City and Boston, and online tutoring around the world. ; craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-66460911273666498392020-05-25T15:49:00.001-07:002020-05-25T15:49:03.519-07:00Biography of Christina, Unconventional Queen of Sweden Queen Christina of Sweden (December 18, 1626ââ¬âApril 19, 1689) reigned for nearly 22 years, from Nov. 6, 1632, to June 5, 1654. Shes remembered for her abdication and her conversion from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism. She also was known for being an unusually well-educated woman for her time, a patron of the arts, and, according to rumors, a lesbian and an intersexual.à She was formally crowned in 1650. Fast Facts: Queen Christina of Sweden Known For: Independent-minded queen of SwedenAlso Known As:à Christina Vasa, Kristina Wasa, Maria Christina Alexandra, Count Dohna,à Minervaà of the North, Protectress of the Jews at RomeBorn: December 18, 1626 in Stockholm, SwedenParents: King Gustavus Adolphus Vasa, Maria EleonoraDied: April 19, 1689 in Rome, Italy Early Life Christina was born Dec. 18, 1626, to King Gustavus Adolphus Vasa of Sweden and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, now a state in Germany. She was her fathers only surviving legitimate child, and thus his only heir.à Her mother was a German princess, daughter of John Sigismund, elector of Brandenburg, and granddaughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia.à She married Gustavus Adolphus against the will of her brother George William, who had by that time succeeded to the office of elector of Brandenberg. Her childhood came during a long European cold spell called the Little Ice Ageà and the Thirty Years War (1618ââ¬â1648),à when Sweden sided with other Protestant nations against the Habsburg Empire, a Catholic power centered in Austria. Her fathers role in the Thirty Years War may have turned the tide from the Catholics to the Protestants. He was considered a master of military tactics and instituted political reforms, including expanding education and the rights of the peasantry. After his death in 1632, he was designated the Great (Magnus) by the Swedish Estates of the Realm. Her mother, disappointed to have had a girl, showed little affection for her. Her father was frequently away at war, and Maria Eleonoras mental state was made worse by those absences.à As a baby, Christina was subjected to several suspicious accidents. Christinas father ordered that she be educated as a boy. She became known for her education and for her patronage of learning and the arts. She was referred to as the Minerva of the North, referring to the Roman goddess of the arts, and the Swedish capital Stockholm became known as Athens of the North.à Queen When her father was killed in battle in 1632, the 6-year-old girl became Queen Christina. Her mother, who was described as being hysterical in her grief, was excluded from being part of the regency. Lord High Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna ruled Sweden as regent until Queen Christina was of age. Oxenstierna had been an adviser to Christinas father and continued in that role after Christina was crowned. Christinas mothers parental rights were terminated in 1636, though Maria Eleonora continued to attempt to visit Christina. The government tried to settle Maria Eleonora first in Denmark and then back in her home in Germany, but her homeland would not accept her until Christina secured an allowance for her support. Reigning Even during the regency, Christina followed her own mind. Against Oxenstiernas advice, she initiated the end of the Thirty Years War, culminating with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. She launched a Court of Learning by virtue of her patronage of art, theater, and music. Her efforts attracted French philosopher Rene Descartes, who came to Stockholm and stayed for two years. His plans to establish an academy in Stockholm collapsed when he suddenly became ill with pneumonia and died in 1650. Her coronation finally came in 1650 in a ceremony attended by her mother. Relationships Queen Christina appointed her cousin Carl Gustav (Karl Charles Gustavus) as her successor. Some historians believe that she was romantically linked to him earlier, but they never married. Instead, her relationship with lady-in-waiting Countess Ebbe Belle Sparre launched rumors of lesbianism. Surviving letters from Christina to the countess are easily described as love letters, though it is difficult to apply modern classifications such as lesbian to people in a time when such categorizations were not known. They shared a bed at times, but this practice did not necessarily imply a sexual relationship. The countess married and left the court before Christinas abdication, but they continued to exchange passionate letters. Abdication Difficulties with issues of taxation and governance and problematic relations with Poland plagued Christinas last years as queen, and in 1651 she first proposed that she abdicate. Her council convinced her to stay, but she had some sort of breakdown and spent much time confined to her rooms. She finally abdicated officially in 1654. Supposed reasons were that she didnt want to marry or thatà she wanted to convert the state religion from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism, but the real motive is still argued by historians. Her mother opposed her abdication, but Christina provided that her mothers allowance would be secure even without her daughter ruling Sweden. Rome Christina, now calling herself Maria Christina Alexandra, left Sweden a few days after her official abdication, traveling disguised as a man. When her mother died in 1655, Christina was living in Brussels. She made her way to Rome, where she lived in a palazzo filled with art and books that became a lively center of culture as a salon. She had converted to Roman Catholicism by the time she arrived in Rome. The former queen became a favorite of the Vatican in the religious battle for the hearts and minds of 17th century Europe. She was aligned with a free-thinking branch of Roman Catholicism. Christina also embroiled herself in political and religious intrigue, first between the French and Spanish factions in Rome. Failed Schemes In 1656, Christina launched an attempt to become queen of Naples. A member of Christinas household, the marquis of Monaldesco, betrayed plans of Christina and the French to the Spanish viceroy of Naples. Christina retaliated by having Monaldesco executed in her presence. For this act, she was for some time marginalized in Roman society, though she eventually became involved again in church politics. In another failed scheme, Christina attempted to have herself made queen of Poland. Her confidant and adviser, Cardinal Decio Azzolino, was rumored to be her lover, and in one scheme Christina attempted to win the papacy for Azzolino. Christina died on April 19, 1689, at age 62, having named Cardinal Azzolino as her sole heir. She was buried in St. Peters Basilica, an unusual honor for a woman. Legacy Queen Christinas abnormal interest (for her era) in pursuits normally reserved for males, occasional dressing in male attire, and persistent stories about her relationships have led to disagreements among historians as to the nature of her sexuality. In 1965, her body was exhumed for testing to see if she had signs of hermaphroditism or intersexuality. The results were inconclusive, though they indicated that her skeleton was typically female in structure. Her life spanned Renaissance Sweden to Baroque Rome and left a record of a woman who, through privilege and strength of character, challenged what it meant to be a woman in her era. She also left behind her thoughts in letters, maxims, an unfinished autobiography, and notes in the margins of her books. Sources Buckley, Veronica.à Christina, Queen of Sweden: The Restless Life of a European Eccentric. Harper Perennial, 2005.Mattern, Joanne.à Queen Christina of Sweden.à Capstone Press, 2009.Landy, Marcia and Villarejo, Amy.à Queen Christina.à British Film Institute,1995.Christina of Sweden.5 Facts About Queen Christina of Sweden. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-42582156480413307222020-05-19T10:03:00.001-07:002020-05-19T10:03:07.536-07:00The Story Of A Life - 1361 Words In 1983 Aharon Appelfeld published a work of fiction titled Tzili that closely resembled his own personal Holocaust experiences. This work of fiction revolves around a maturing teen who is alone and on the run during the Holocaust. In Tzili, Appelfeld brings to life his characters, which include Tzili, Katrina, Mark, and Linda. Throughout this literary analysis Appelfeldsââ¬â¢ memoir Story of a Life will be used to access the parallels that exist between Appelfeldââ¬â¢s own personal experience and his fictional work Tzili. As a Jewish child Aharon Appelfeld spent years on the run, always in hiding from those who would turn him over to the Nazis. Throughout his journey Appelfeld encounters many obstacles that shape who he becomes as a person. Inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦One of the first characters Tzili encounters in the novel is an old prostitute named Katrina. Katrina takes Tzili in due to the fact that Tzili informs her that she is Mariaââ¬â¢s daughter. In the beginni ng Katrina is caring and protective of Tzili. Even though Katrina may have had a suspicion that Tzili is Jewish, she still provides her with food and shelter. Overtime Katrina becomes verbally and physically abusive towards Tzili, throwing things at Tzili when Tzili does not immediately get her what she wants. When Katrina demands Tzili to entertain one of her customers, Tzili realizes that it is time for her to leave and find a new place to stay. Later on in the story, Tzili encounters a Jewish refugee named Mark. Mark is a Jewish man who escaped a concentration camp but was unable to bring his wife and children with him. This leaves Mark with the feelings of intense gilt, and in order to escape this guilt, Mark turns to addictive behaviors such as drinking and smoking. As the relationship grows between Mark and Tzili, a sense of co-dependence forms leading to the emergence of a romantic relationship. Even though this relationship is loving in nature, Mark develops the sense that h e is becoming to dependent on Tzili. This leads to Mark deciding to venture into the village to retrieve supplies where in the end, the readers infer Mark was captured. Lastly, Tzili meets a refugee named Linda, who isShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of Life1464 Words à |à 6 Pagespraying instead of fighting. 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What excitedRead MoreThe Story Of My Life1331 Words à |à 6 Pageshave to say is ââ¬Ëhowzit?ââ¬â¢ You are a wonder, my dear. What even happened out there? No one told me,â⬠I badger. ââ¬Å"Wellâ⬠¦ I was driving home from the horrid interview, another story for another day, and some dude loses control of the wheel, hits the back side of my car and I sort of hit a palm tree,â⬠she slowly explains. ââ¬Å"Long story short, your car is totaled and Iââ¬â¢m sorry.â⬠ââ¬Å"If I could, I would slap you across the head. I donââ¬â¢t care about the dumb car, idiot. All that matters is that youââ¬â¢re okayRead MoreThe Story Of My Life Essay1725 Words à |à 7 Pageslead a fragmented life in a fragmented Island as she is already a disillusioned being with no sense of understanding or a healthy bondage between herself and her family members. The sinister charm of the Island calls her to more meaningful and satisfying existence as a gift witnessed very many magic activities of her father. 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With almost losing a special person, I realized that life can suddenly be taken from you. Life is valuable and should not be taken for granted and to savor everything. Whether we like it or not, most individuals, at some point, deal with a hospital. As a child, I have always been infatuated with how a hospital works. You neverRead MoreThe Story of My Life2883 Words à |à 12 PagesThe Story of My Life by: Helen Keller I. INTRODUCTION Helen Keller overcame different difficult obstacles of deafness and blindness to become an influential lecturer and social activist. She has become, in American culture, an icon of perseverance, respected and honored by readers, historians, and activists. Helen began working on The Story of My Life while she was a student at Radcliffe College, and it was first published in installments in Ladiesââ¬â¢ Home Journal. Helping her was an editor craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-75067531596711879322020-05-14T22:06:00.001-07:002020-05-14T22:06:03.926-07:00Ethical Considerations in Identifying and Reporting Child Abuse - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2162 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Child Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Child abuse is a crucial ethical issue for mental health practitioners to understand and be competent in addressing. According to Childhelp (2018), a nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention and treatment of child abuse, child abuse occurs when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child (para. 1). In certain instances, child abuse can also be committed by peers or siblings. There are four distinct forms of child abuse, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse is the most common form of child abuse, with approximately 28.3% of adults reporting experiences of physical abuse in childhood (Childhelp, 2018). Physical abuse involves physical injury to a child, such as bruises, blisters, burns, cuts, scratches, broken bones, sprains, dislocation of joints, internal injuries, brain damage, or death, resulting from striking, kicking, burning, biting, hair pulling, choking, throwing, shoving, whipping or any other action that injures a child (Childhelp, 2018, para. 2). Physical abuse does not include acts of physical discipline, given that the action does not injure or impair the child. Signs of physical abuse to a child can be both physical and behavioral. Physical signs may include visible or severe injuries, any injury to a child who is not yet crawling, injuries at different stages of healing, unexplained injuries, injuries explained in a way that do not make sense, injuries with distinctives shapes, and/or patterns in frequency, timing, or history of injuries, such as after weekends, vacations, or school absences (Childhelp, 2018). Behavioral signs of physical abuse include aggression towards peers, pets, or other animals; being fearful of parents or other adults; withdrawal, depression, or anxiety; wearing long sleeves out of season; violent themes in art or fantasy; sleep disruptions such as insomnia or nightmares; reports of injury or severe discipline; immaturity, acting out, or other behavioral extremes; and/or self-destructive behavior or attitudes (Childhelp, 2018). Parents and caregivers may also show signs of committing physical abuse, including refusal or inability to explain the childs injury, explaining the injury in a way that does not make sense, aggression towards the child, appearing overly anxious about the childs behavior, delaying or preventing medical care for the child, taking the child to different doctors or hospitals, isolating the child from social activities, and/or having a hist ory of violence or abuse (Childhelp, 2018). Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Considerations in Identifying and Reporting Child Abuse" essay for you Create order The second most prevalent form of child abuse is sexual abuse. Sexual abuse involves using a child in sex acts or for sexual gratification (Childhelp, 2018). This may take place in the form of non-contact or contact abuse. Non-contact abuse involves making a child view a sex act, making a child view or show sex organs, or talking to a child inappropriately about sex. Contact abuse includes fondling, oral sex, penetration, forcing the child to perform a sex act, or involving the child in prostitution or pornography. According to Childhelp (2018), one in every five adults reports being sexually abused as a child. Physical signs of sexual abuse in children may be more apparent to medical practitioners but may also be observed by mental health practitioners working in an integrative care setting. These signs include difficulty sitting or walking; bowel problems; torn, stained, or bloody undergarments; bleeding, bruising, pain, swelling, or itching of the genital area; frequent urinary tr act or yeast infections; and/or any sexually transmitted disease or related symptoms (Childhelp, 2018). Behavioral signs of sexual abuse may include not wanting to change clothes (i.e.: for P.E.); withdrawn, depressed, or anxious affect; eating disorders or preoccupation with ones body; aggression, delinquency, or poor peer relationships; poor self-image; poor self-care; lack of confidence; sudden absenteeism or decline in school performance; substance use, running away, reckless behavior, or suicide attempts; sleep disturbances, such as fear of bedtime, nightmares, or bedwetting at an advanced age; acting out sexually or excessive masturbation; unusual or repetitive self-soothing behaviors; advanced or unusual sexual behavior or knowledge; and/or reports of sexual abuse (Childhelp, 2018). Caregivers may also exhibit signs of being sexually abusive towards a child, including failing to supervise the child, acting as an unstable adult presence in the childs life, appearing jealous or possessive, having troubled or dysfunctional sexual relationships, and/or relying on the child for emotional support (Childhelp, 2018). Child maltreatment can also take place in the form of emotional abuse, which occurs when a parents or caregivers actions [harm] a childs mental and social development, or [cause] severe emotional harm (Childhelp, 2018, para. 4). This may occur as a single incident, but generally involves a pattern of behavior that causes damage over time. Emotional abuse includes rejecting or ignoring a child by telling them that they are unwanted/unloved, invalidating the childs feelings, breaking promises, interrupting the child in conversation, or not providing affection; shaming or humiliating a child by calling them names, criticizing, berating, or mocking the child, or attacking the childs sense of self-worth; terrorizing a child by accusing, threatening, manipulating, or yelling at the child, or setting the child up for failure; isolating a child by depriving them of social contact, confining them to small spaces, or depriving them of play or stimulation; and/or corrupting a child by involving them in criminal activity or encouraging misbehavior (Childhelp, 2018, para. 4). According to Childhelp (2018), 10.6% of adults report being emotionally abused in childhood. Signs that a child may be experiencing emotional abuse include developmental delays; wetting their bed or pants; speech disorders; health problems like ulcers or skin disorders; obesity and weight fluctuation; habits like sucking, biting, or rocking; learning disabilities; being overly compliant or defensive, exhibiting extreme emotions, aggression, or withdrawal; anxiety or phobias; sleep disorders; destructive or anti-social behaviors, such as violence, cruelty, vandalism, stealing, cheating, or lying; exhibiting behavior that is inappropriate for their age; and/or suicidal thoughts or actions (Childhelp, 2018). Signs that a caregiver may be emotionally abusive include routinely ignoring, criticizing, yelling at, or blaming the child; playing favorites with one sibling over another; exhibiting poor anger mana gement or emotional regulation; having unstable relationships with other adults; disrespecting authority; having a history of violence or abuse; and/or having an untreated mental illness or addiction (Childhelp, 2018). The fourth type of child maltreatment, neglect, often requires a pattern of behavior over time and can occur in the form of physical, emotional, medical, and educational neglect. Physical neglect involves depriving a child of adequate supervision, clothing, food, and shelter. This may include leaving the child with an inadequate caregiver, leaving the child in another persons custody for an extended period of time, failing to provide a child with healthy food and drink, failing to ensure adequate personal hygiene, or exposing the child to unsafe or unsanitary environments or situations (Childhelp, 2018). Emotional neglect occurs when a parent or caregiver does not provide adequate affection and attention for a child to feel loved and supported (Childhelp, 2018). This may include isolating the child from friends and loved ones, exposing the child to severe or repeated violence (especially domestic violence), allowing a child to abuse substances or engage in criminal activity, or not s eeking treatment for a child showing signs of a psychological illness (Childhelp, 2018). Medical neglect occurs when a parent does not provide a child with appropriate treatment for injuries or illness or deprives a child of basic preventive medical or dental care (Childhelp, 2018). Lastly, educational neglect occurs when a parent limits a childs opportunities for academic success by allowing the child to miss too much school, not enrolling the child in school, or preventing the child from obtaining necessary special education services. Signs that a child may be experiencing neglect include wearing clothing that is the wrong size, tattered, dirty, or not appropriate for the weather; being hungry, stockpiling and seeking food, or showing signs of malnutrition (i.e.: distended abdomen, protruding bones); having a very low body weight and height for their age; often appearing tired or listless; displaying poor hygiene; talking about caring for younger siblings or not having a caregiver at home; having untreated medical or dental problems or incomplete immunizations; and/or truancy, frequently incomplete homework, or frequent school changes (Childhelp, 2018). Caregiver signs of neglect include indifference towards the child; depression, apathy, drug or alcohol abuse, or other mental health challenges; denying having problems with the child or blaming the child for their problems; viewing the child negatively; and/or relying on the child for their own care and well-being (Childhelp, 2018). Prevalence and Outcomes According to Childhelp (2018), more than 3.6 million referrals involving more than 6.6 million children are made to child protective agencies each year, and in 2014, state agencies identified an estimated 1,580 children who died as a result of abuse and neglect. On average, this indicates that between four and five children die each day due to maltreatment, but this statistic is likely higher than this due to the underreported nature of these crimes. Of the child maltreatment fatalities that are reported, 80% of them involve at least one parent as the perpetrator (Childhelp, 2018). Research suggests that individuals who experience adverse childhood experiences, including child abuse, are at a greater risk for a variety of negative outcomes, including depression and anxiety, hallucinations, substance use, risky sexual behavior, impaired memory, obesity, sleep disturbances, somatic complains, and comorbid psychological disorders (Anda et al., 2005). Additionally, children who experience abuse and neglect are approximately nine times more likely to become involved in criminal activity and are at an increased risk for a variety of health issues, including decreased life expectancy, Ischemic heart disease (IHD), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and liver disease (Childhelp, 2018). Experiences of current or past child abuse are especially prevalent within the mental health care system. According to a study by Silverman, Reinherz, and Giaconia (1996), 80% of 21-year-olds who reported childhood abuse met the criteria for at least one psychological disorder . Additionally, Swan (1998) found that as many as two-thirds of those in treatment for drug abuse reported being abused or neglected as children. Researchers hypothesize that this association between childhood trauma and abuse and negative health outcomes may be explained in part by the neurobiological changes that occur as a result of these adverse experiences (Anda et al., 2005). According to Anda et al. (2005), traumatic events experienced in childhood alter both the structure and functioning of various regions of the brain, including the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This indicates that child abuse is a major risk factor for psychological challenges and that most, if not all, practitioners will likely encounter clients with experiences of current or past abuse, regardless of their population of interest. History of Child Protection Prior to 1874, parents were generally considered to have ownership and absolute authority over their children. As a result of this attitude, children were often abused, neglected, and even sold into slavery without intervention by the state (Lawrence Robinson Kurpius, 2000). Child protection first gained legal traction in 1874, when a court ruled that Mary Ellen Wilson, age 9, was afforded protection from abuse under laws related to animal cruelty. Following this ruling, the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NYSPCC) was founded and become the first organization dedicated exclusively to child protection. Subsequently, in 1875, legislation was passed requiring police officers and courts to aid in the prevention of cruelty to children. By 1922, more than 300 non-governmental child protective entities, such as the NYSPCC, existed across the United States. However, over the next four decades this responsibility shifted to the state, and by 1967 nearly all states had laws making the government responsible for child protection. As of 1963, four states had enacted mandated reporting laws related to child abuse, and by 1968, all states had laws mandating that health care professionals report physical abuse and neglect of children. It was not until 1976 that all states also required professionals to report sexual abuse. Since the enactment of these child welfare laws, the responsibility of the state to protect children has been legally challenged. In the case of DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Service, a four-year-old boy was severely beaten after being returned to his fathers custody by Child Protective Services (CPS). The court ruled that CPS had no legal obligation to protect the boy, thereby allowing the state to abdicate its responsibility to protect minors from parental abuse (Myers, 2008). As the responsibility of child protection shifted from non-governmental agencies to the state, the federal government passed several acts related to child welfare. In 1974, Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), which designated federal funds to improve the state response to child abuse, especially in the domains of investigation and reporting. Congress then passed the Indian Child Welfare ACT (ICWA) in 1978, mandating that child abuse cases regarding children permanently residing on a reservation be decided by the tribal court. It also mandated that tribes be notified of child abuse cases regarding children not living on the reservation and afforded tribes the right to intervene in these cases. The goal of this legislation was to reduce the disproportionately high number of Native American children being removed from their homes, often without sufficient cause. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-4358552653543572902020-05-06T21:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:57:05.536-07:00Regional Trade Arrangements Of Africa And Their Motives Essay 2. Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa and Their Motives Regionalism has become one of the buzz words in international trade diplomacy nowadays. There is almost no country in the world which does not have membership in one or two regional economic integrations, and the coverage and scope of these arrangements have grown more than ever before. Different authors have used different approaches to define the concept of regional integration. Therefore, it is important to discuss the definitions of economic integration according to the most prominent authors in the field of regional integration before taking on the theoretical and empirical literatures of the concept. One of the widely accepted definitions of economic integration is that of Balassa (1961), which is defined as ââ¬Å"the abolition of discrimination within an areaâ⬠. Another very important definition of economic integration relevant to developing countries is that of Kahnert, P. Richards, Stoutjesdijk, and Thomopoulos (1969). According to these authors, economic integration is ââ¬Å"the process of progressive removal of trade discriminations which occur at national bordersâ⬠. Furthermore, Machlup (1977) defines economic integration as a process of merging separate economies into a larger economic region with the objective of realizing the efficient utilization of all potential opportunities of the division of labor. From the above definitions, it can be inferred that all the definitions spin around one central point; andShow MoreRelatedThe Direction Of Bilateral Trade Flows Across Countries Or Regional Economic Blocs Essay2172 Words à |à 9 Pages4.2. Conclusion This study has indicated that there are some differences as to what determines the direction of bilateral trade flows across countries or regional economic blocs. The motives behind the formation of such arrangements disparate from region to region hence, there are differing arguments that explain the rationale for their set up. Developing countriesââ¬â¢ regional blocs in general, African ones in particular, are often criticized for being politically oriented and this view has been partiallyRead MoreImpact of Globalization on the World Tourism 1155 Words à |à 5 Pagesto visit any part of the world he/she can be there with in no time. The countries have progressed in terms of infrastructure, technology, transportation and communication. 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GM East Africa also retails fully built ChevroletRead More World Trade Organisation Essay2041 Words à |à 9 PagesWorld Trade Organisation The official World Trade Organisation web site, defines the WTO as ââ¬Å"the only global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade between nations . . . [through] helping producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers (to) conduct their businessâ⬠1. It was formed in 1995 after growing out of and extending the institution of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. As of the thirtieth of November 2000, the WTO has 140 member-countries, overRead MoreEssay on The Global Divide Between the Rich and Poor2100 Words à |à 9 Pagesand economic information that highlights some of the information, impressions, and ideals of the situation. 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A craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-49620833755481110722020-05-06T15:46:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:46:26.786-07:00Sample Reproduction Methods For Non-Target Screening Non-target screening aims to obtain an overview of the sample constituents and identifies all the eligible peaks in the sample. The soil samples contaminated by electroplating wastewater usually contain a large amount of organic pollutants with high matrix interferences (Zhao 2013). In order to choose an effective sample extraction method, three commonly used extraction methods including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), Soxhlet extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Wang 2007, Rodriguez-Solana 2015, and Jurado-Sanchez 2013) have been compared based on the previous reports. Among these methods, ASE provides the best extraction efficiency for extracting most semi-volatile organic compounds in soil samples with shortâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Stock solutions were prepared in isooctane, and then diluted into seven concentration levels, from 1 to 500 à µg/L. The stock solution was kept at -18 à °C until use. The internal standard solution with a concentration of 100 à ¼g/L was diluted from an Internal Standard Mix purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, Connecticut, USA) and used to determine the concentration of target compounds by calculating the response factor, noting that the selected internal standards were stable and similar to the analytes and would not interfere with the sample components. The surrogate standard solution was prepared at 10 mg/L for nitrobenzene-d5 and p-terphenyl-d14 for performing the quality control function, since its recovery rate was used to evaluate the efficiency of the analytical method. The organic solvents, of analytical grade, were purchased from JK scientific LTD (Beijing, China). Sample information and Sample Preparation In this study, three soil samples were chosen for the analysis and explanation of the whole workflow. Two soil samples were collected from a leaching basin (Boxing, Shandong Province, China), surrounded by two small electroplating factories and polluted by electroplating wastewater. Sample #1 and Sample #2 were taken from the top layer soil (0ââ¬â20 cm) and middle layer soil (20ââ¬â50 cm) of the leaching basin bottom using a soilShow MoreRelatedNon Clinical Studies : The Discovery Of A New Drug Without Involving Human Subjects1798 Words à |à 8 PagesNon clinical Studies for Biologic The discovery of a new drug without involving human subjects is called as non clinical studies. Goals of non-clinical testing of Biologics are: characterization of probable undesirable drug effects, identifying toxicities on organs, identifying convertibility of toxicity , characterization of pharmacokinetic report, characterization of favorable pharmacodynamicRead MoreThe Discovery Of New Drug Without Involving Human Subjects1782 Words à |à 8 PagesNon clinical Studies The discovery of new drug without involving human subjects is called as non clinical studies. Goals of non-clinical testing of Biologics are: characterization of potential adverse drug effects, identify end organ toxicities, identify reversibility of toxicity , characterization of pharmacokinetic profile, characterization of beneficial pharmacodynamic effects -proofRead MoreCancer Is A Common Type Of Invasive Breast Cancer2160 Words à |à 9 Pagesanywhere in the body due to rapid formation of abnormal cell growth. Normal cells develop into abnormal cells when there is damage to the DNA. Hyperactive reproduction of abnormal cells or cancer cells will develop into lumps that may either be benign or malignant. Benign masses are non-cancerous and usually remain in the same area from which they formed in the body. Malignant masses on the other hand are cancerous and tend to spreadRead MoreThe Fluidity Of Cloning : Gender Norms Racial Bias3913 Words à |à 16 Pagesor software. Molecular cloning Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production. Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly usedRead MoreThe Spread And Continued Reproduction Of The Northern Snakehead1922 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Problem Domain The spread and continued reproduction of the Northern Snakehead in the Potomac river has been and will continue to be a threat to the integrity of the local ecosystem. The Northern Snakehead is causing a disturbance in the local ecosystem. These fish need to either be removed from the ecosystem or their spread halted. Since their discovery in Crofton, Maryland, drastic measures have been taken in the past to rapidly eradicate this species regardless of lasting effects. Most ofRead MoreMaking Sence of Homonegativity10662 Words à |à 43 Pages1080/14780887.2011.586098 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be completeRead MoreGlobal Marketing Summary Chapter 5-106416 Words à |à 26 PagesInfringement of Intellectual Property â⬠¢ Counterfeitingââ¬âunauthorized copying and production of a product â⬠¢ Associative counterfeit/imitationââ¬âproduct name differs slightly from a well-known brand â⬠¢ Piracyââ¬âunauthorized publication or reproduction of copyrighted work â⬠¢ Intellectual Property Protecting Intellectual Property â⬠¢ In the United States, registration is with the Federal Patent Office â⬠¢ In Europe, applicants use the European Patent Office or register countryRead More History of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Essay5178 Words à |à 21 Pageschemokine receptor, CCR5, bound HIV strains that dominate in the early stages of the disease. Researchers are continuously discovering more chemokine receptors. 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However, only 5-10% of cancers are due toRead MoreRelationship Between Culture and the Clinical Practice of Psychological Assessment8526 Words à |à 35 Pagesvisited schools in the rural areas not too far from the city where we lived. The purpose of the visit was to see whether the teachers wanted to be trained to use a developmental screening test so that the results could be used to help them tailor their instruction to the needs of their learners. We had the notion that the almost non-existent pre-school facilities in rural areas together with impoverished living and economic conditions would impact negatively on childrens development. Our preconceived craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-77775118436317508642020-05-06T06:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T06:19:09.706-07:00Energy of a Tossed Ball free essay sample The purpose for the students of the Energy of a Tossed Ball Lab involved learning how to measure the change in kinetic and potential energies as a ball moves in free fall. Since there is no frictional forces working on the ball the total energy will remain constant and the students will see how the total energy of the ball changes during free fall. HYPOTHESIS: 1. The ball has potential energy while momentarily at rest at the top of the path. 2. The ball contains kinetic energy while in motion near the bottom of its path. The ball gains potential energy as it moves upward, because of its position, until the ball reaches its max point where potential energy is the most. The ball loses potential energy on its way down. 6. 7. The kinetic graph was correct as my hypothesis. My potential graph did not start in the same position as my data graph. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy of a Tossed Ball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9. The total energy is constant for most of the time until the ball is released and caught up and down in free fall, because extra force of the person actions changes the energy. The energy should remain constant because the kinetic and potential ratio energy cancel each other out because the Law Conservation of Energy. Extensions: 1. The total energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy would be less if a person used a very light ball, because energy is dependent of mass. More percent energy loss would be lost because the energy applied at the release would be less than the pull of energy of gravity. 2. If different mass was entered in the data the total energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy would be different because the energy is dependent of the mass. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. I learned how the total energy will remain constant if no frictional forces are acted on a tossed ball. Using the velocity vs. time graph I learned that the ball had zero velocity at the top of its motion upward. I noticed the conservation of energy is correct because only 19. 87% of energy was lost. The energy lost was slim. Also the graphs of potential and kinetic energy are the opposite in which as time increase the potential energy increase as the kinetic energy decreases. When the ball is at the top of its motion the potential energy is at its highest and the kinetic energy is low. I learned that the total energy remains constant because the potential and kinetic energy ratios cancel each other out while the ball is in motion. 2. The errors in this lab would be when the person tossed the ball into the air their hand may have affected the data collection when the person caught the ball. 3. I would how to change how to collect data of the ball being tossed in the air without anything interfering. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-58499674884157581082020-05-05T17:59:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:59:03.428-07:00Verbatim Family and Time free essay sample Care of the Dying and Bereaved Verbatim Report of a Pastoral Visit Chaplain Your Initials: GAR Location of Visit: At Its home Time of Visit: 1430 Date of Visit: May 29, 2013 Date written: June 8, 2013 Preliminary Data Age: 88 Gender: Female Religious Preference: Seventh-day Adventist Referral: Y/N? N Initial Observations/Facts # of Prior Visits: 3 My initial visit with UT was a couple of months ago when my husband and I were approached to help with the relocation of a bed to make room for a hospice bed. During the first visit as we were introduced to the couple, I became aware that the tenant sent home to die with hospice is a retired pastor with the Seventh-day Adventist church. He spent all his life as a missionary and pioneer for our church. Within a week he died and I bumped into the wife (UT) outside of church a few weeks after his death and she asked if I could come by to visit with her. This is my third visit with her. As I enter Its home I notice the blinds down and curtains drawn. There is a lamp turned on dimly and in the recliner sits UT. Next to the recliner is a table with her cup of tea, her bible and a Journal. The walls are covered with pictures of the couple ND their children from all over the world where they ministered. I can see the kitchen from where I stand and there are boxes stacked up on the counter and stove which lets me know that she is not cooking for herself. She invites me to sit down. Goals I chose this visit to do a write up as a verbatim because this is my third time with Mrs. UT. My visits with her are grief related as she is mourning the loss of her husband. They had been married for seventy years. I would like to focus on how I helped her begin the grieving process. Pastoral Visit P = Patient H ÃâHusband D ÃâDaughter CLC: Hello, UT, Its Gilda Rowdy; I thought Id stop by to see how you are doing since our last visit? (The phone rang and when UT answered it she spoke in a low voice. I was aware I felt anxious and wondered if I should excuse myself. ) Pl: The pastor is here D and I have been waiting for her visit, can I call you later? Bye darling. (She hung up the phone). Its my daughter; Ill call her later. CO: The last time I was here we talked about your support system. How is that going? PA: As you know, I had a lot of family and friends visit after H died, now I am definitely feeling the emptiness and loneliness. I sometimes hear H calling my name like he used to and I respond like I used to and then realize that he is dead and it is lust wishful thinking. (She pauses) CO: (After some silence), it is quite normal that you would hear your husband after all the two of you have been together for over seventy years. Tell me, how are you coping? PA: Gilda, Its hard. I cant remember life without him (she starts sobbing). We got married on my eighteenth birthday. I was young but back then, its what you did. I was the oldest of thirteen kids. When I met H he promised me the world and I remember laughing at him. He kept his promise. I have visited and lived in some of the most untouched parts of the world. CO: How was it for you to leave your family? (l was aware of my own pain of leaving my family, as I left home at eighteen leaving the southern hemisphere heading to the northern hemisphere to study) PA: To tell you the truth, I missed my family a lot, but there was something about marrying a pastor and traveling the world. I was excited and looked forward to an adventure, something I had never experienced before. There were times when life was no so easy but for the most part H and I lived a life of adventure. CO: Tell me a little about when life was not easy? AS: One of trying times was when we spent seven months in the Solomon Island. (She pointed too picture of her and her husband with a local tribe). We were told by the General Conference to be extra careful and not to go out at night. Most of them were cannibals you see. I was terrified, but H said we should trust in God, so we went safety during our time there. When we found out I was 4 months pregnant H said it was time for us to go home. I was relieved. CO: I can only imagine what that must have been like for you? It sounds though that you lived a very exciting life, the life your husband promised. PA: Exactly, it was so exciting . God truly blessed us. He blessed us with safety and health most importantly. When it was time for us to retire, we both knew we had accomplished all we set out to do. God would be pleased I thought. We decided to retire in Loam Linda since we had two children here and our grand children. CO: Tell me about your relationship with your children and grand children? PA: We were quite blessed even up to the time when H was dying the kids would come by every Friday night to start the Sabbath with us, the grand kids would sing to him and bring their instruments and play for him. You should have seen the last time we worshiped together. I know Jesus and His angels were watching down on us. CO: How has it been since Hes death? PA: Oh, the kids and grand kids still come by and we still have worship, its Just that. (Then she paused) CGI: What it, UT? PA: Well after the kids and grand used to leave we would always talk about each one and reminisce on stories and then pray for each one of them. Now that H is gone I feel angry that he is not here for me to do that. CIO: I can see how that would make you feel angry. Is there a way that you can still reminisce and pray for your family? POI: It Just hurts so much, and once everyone leaves its Just me and all these memories. Its silly; I have been blessed with so many wonderful years with H, but feel robbed of my time with him. Call: I dont think it silly at all. I think its beautiful that you would want to spend more time with your husband. I see you as a role model for all couples, especially ones married to pastors. I know that it can be tough at times but the two of you by Gods grace made it through. Pl 1: Enjoy your husband and dont take time for granted. Loneliness is very dark. CO: Tell me about your loneliness? What does it look like for you? Alone. After you have spent every waking moment with your soul mate living without IM is dark. CO: I am so sorry. What do you think you can do to move out of this darkness? PAP: I live in this wonderful community where there are always activities going on. I guess I could be sociable and Join some fun activities. They have invited me; I Just havent had the courage to go alone. CO: Thats understandable, from what you are telling me you are showing appropriate emotions for one whos loved one has died. PAP: It really helps talking about this with you. I appreciate you stopping by. CO: I am happy to check in with you every couple of weeks if you like. PAP: I would like that very much, feel free to bring you kids too they are so sweet and polite, you hardly see that nowadays. The first time we met the couple to help them relocate the bed the kids came along and while Jordan and I took the bed apart the kids sang for the couple). CO: I noticed the boxes in the kitchen, how are you managing for food. PAP: You are very observant. I asked my grand kids to box up Hes books and someone from relive will be picking it up. We always wanted to make sure someone would get good use out of them, although these days with the internet. But to answer your question, my children are bringing my meals every day. I am blessed I tell you. CO: I am glad to hear that. Well it was nice visiting with you. May I pray for you before I leave? PAP: You wouldnt be a pastor is you didnt (she chuckled). CO: I took her hand and prayed. Dear Heavenly father, I thank you for UT. It is evident after our time together that she has a strong faith and relationship with you. You alone know her pain as she grieves the death of H. You alone can feel her loneliness in this house. I pray for your comfort and care as she mourns the loss of H. Please help her with her loneliness, UT most important of all help her with the relationship she will make within this community. Bless her children and grand children as UT finds a way to continue praying for them. Thank you Father for coordinating our paths. In Jesus name we pray amen. CO: Ill check back with you in a couple of weeks. See you later. Evaluation I have grown to really appreciate UT, I am aware of my own sense of loss as my grandmother passed away some years ago and I watched my grandfather grapple with learning how to live without his soul mate. I feel I listened to Its concern regarding her loneliness as I guided her in finding ways to be around people. I did not want to become a crutch for her or providing her with solutions therefore being an enabler. I realize her pain of losing her loved one after seventy years of marriage. She expressed a healthy way of grieving, and I am happy to Journey that with her as I encourage her to lean on children and grandkids who are clearly attached to their mother. Theological/Spiritual Reflection As I reflect on my visit with UT, I see it as a theologically sound visit due to our same faith background. In our previous visit she mentioned that she would no doubt be reunited with H again at Jesus second coming. We rejoiced in the fact that we have such hope and at the same time were very aware of this world marred with sin. Mourning is a healthy way to deal with the loss of a loved one as Jesus himself wept for His friend Lazarus. I was encouraged to see a couple sustain the trials of life and remain together for so many years. As a minister I know the struggles that accompanies a couple who choose to follow Gods calling. It is not always the easiest road to Journey on. Couples who sustain the test of time through prayer and perseverance are few and far between. This is not the norm in our society. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-56361253070072452252020-04-17T18:14:00.001-07:002020-04-17T18:14:05.236-07:00Expository Essay Sample - How to Write an Essay That WorksExpository Essay Sample - How to Write an Essay That WorksThere are many good reasons to write an expository essay, and many different methods. For some, this is a means of researching the field. For others, it is meant to be the backbone of a persuasive argument that will make a reader to engage with a particular topic or idea.The method that you choose to write your essay is up to you. What is important, however, is that you are able to stick to your target topic. This means that you have to pick a point of interest for you to write about.Do you have life experience that you can bring to the essay? Perhaps you have had a certain type of event, such as a death in the family or a marriage proposal that you want to use. Maybe you have written something about an aspect of a person's personality or life experiences that you wish to include. The more data and details you can provide the better.It is also important that your essay is original. You should not copy the style or content of a nother essay. If you do, it will look like you are copy-pasting. Instead, you should write your own style of essay so that it stands out from the crowd.One way to ensure that your essay sample is original is to create your own title. Choose something related to the topic. You should not think that having a title will help you make your essay look better or convince people to read it.However, if you have a lot of free time on your hands, you might want to consider creating your own title. An important part of writing an essay is creating a nice title that will spark interest. However, even if you decide to create your own title, make sure that it has nothing to do with the main point of the essay. For example, if you are writing about air travel, do not use the word 'air'flight' in your title.Once you have made your choice of essay topic, the next step is to write your expository essay. Keep in mind that there are a few different methods of writing, but some of them work better than others.You can use as little or as much information as you need, depending on your goal. Whether you are looking to inform or persuade, there are several ways to go about making your essay look its best. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-26412123727115389862020-04-11T08:46:00.001-07:002020-04-11T08:46:03.467-07:00Quality Management in Health Care System in Nigeria A Case Study of Isalu Hospitals Limited, Ogba, Lagos free essay sample INTRODUCTION In this age, hospital services have gone beyond the conventional way of doctors sitting in their clinics, reading newspapers or engaging in other vain discussions hoping that patients would patronise their healthcare services. Various private hospitals have carved out a niche for themselves using relationship management, customer relations and hospital marketing techniques to expand their business. Although the prime aim of hospital/healthcare establishments is to save lives, the truth is that private healthcare services are profit-driven as owners have to cater for various expenses and overheads to keep the business moving. Those who run healthcare business grapple with regular payment of staff salary, procurement of new medical equipment, maintenance of computers and buildings, payment of electricity bills, procurement and fuelling of power generators, maintenance of official vehicles, communication expenses, staff seminars and printing of receipts, appointment cards and medical report sheets. Just like a good product, a good hospital service sells itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management in Health Care System in Nigeria: A Case Study of Isalu Hospitals Limited, Ogba, Lagos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This comes mostly through testimonials from people who have practically experienced the service(s). But a good product or service cannot, by itself, propagate its services to the users. Certain machinery should be put in place to achieve this end. Although medical bodies such as Nigeria Medical Association strictly prohibits hospital advertising, the dynamic nature of medical business, not only in Nigeria but globally, has made it mandatory for Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOs) to place their advertisements on the pages of newspapers, over the radio/television and on the Internet under the guise of health insurance, since insurance does not forbid advertising its services to various target groups. Good customer care/ relationship management matters in healthcare business because keeping the existing clientsââ¬âthat is, the patientsââ¬âseems easier than getting the new ones, as satisfied clients will do a lot of our testimonial appeals for us to the new prospects. Some people will use our service on the recommendation of a friend or sibling. This is because patient who feels good experiencing our medical service is most likely to stay with the healthcare and make recommendations to others about us. In these days of sophisticated and well educated customers, patients look beyond coming to the hospital and being attended to in the ââ¬Å"usual mannerâ⬠. They want to experience an informal contact (tactile communication); they want the doctor to tell them what they donââ¬â¢t know in medicine because many of them have already googled their internet to know about their ailments before consultation; they want to feel like they are in their homes; they want to feel that they are in safe hands and they want to be healed by the words of mouth of the doctors in charge, nurses on duty as well as all other contact pointsââ¬â i. . the staffââ¬âin the hospital. Hospitals therefore establish mutual relationship with several HMOs as well as corporate companies (on retainership) and families or private patients to garner more companies on their clientele. STAGES OF COMPANY DEVELOPMENT Various business organisations launch their products/services into the market to claim some mar ket share. Right from the time a product or service is newly introduced, there is always scramble among companies that offer similar services or produce parity products to have some comfortable share of the market to their advantage. In order to achieve this, most producers or service companies have good positioning of their USP. Some hospitals have ATM where patients can easily withdraw money to settle their medical bills without any stress of going to the bank. Some have supermarkets where people on appointment can take some bread with drink before taking their drugs or injections. Others have immaculate environment befitting of a healthcare. Each of these is a strength, a unique selling point (USP) for their medical business. (a)Pioneering stageââ¬â This refers to when services are new to the prospective clients. They are only being introduced. Concepts are created. Proposals are developed and companies, HMOs as well as individuals are being convinced to use such medical services. Many companies die at this stage and never make it to the competitive stage. (b)Competitive stageââ¬â Most service companies or products remain at this stage throughout their life cycle. Here market acceptance has been met by a service company as certain percentage of the market share has been claimed. Many hospitals especially private ones can be categorised under this stage. The more quality medical service they provide, the more competitive and recommendable they become. c)Retentive Stageââ¬âThis is the highest point a product or service company can achieve. Although not all products or service companies get to this stage, it is not impossible for any healthcare establishment to get there in Lagos State for instance. It is not always easy to get to the top and retaining it is more tasking. At this stage, the superiority of a company ser vice over all service providers will be established, making it command more clients and greater market share . DEFINITION OF TERMS For the purpose of exposition, I will like to define the following wordsââ¬âquality, management and healthcare respectively. Quality In the estimation of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2005 edition, the word quality is defined as how good or bad something is. It goes furtherâ⬠¦something that is typical of one thing and makes it different from other things, for example size, colour etc this may be a unique way of doing things. We may settle for this last definition of the word quality by the same lexicon: a high standard. Management Management can be defined as the activity of controlling and organising the work being carried out in an oganisation. The word ââ¬Ëmanagementââ¬â¢ also means the people who are in charge of a company. According to Kreitner (1980), management is a ââ¬Å"problem-solving process of effectively achieving organisational objectives through the efficient use of scarce resources in a changing environmentâ⬠. The universally accepted functions of management are planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling, according to Onifade (1999). Healthcare Simply put, healthcare refers to the service of providing medical care to different categories of people. By classification, there are primary and secondary healthcare systems. Primary healthcare refers to the patientââ¬â¢s first contact for health care. It deals with general health problems which are mostly handled by GPs. They are hospitals dealing with health problems such as malaria and other basic illnesses and accidents while secondary healthcare system is a branch of healthcare that deals with specialised and more technical areas such as paediatrics, surgery, gynaecology, ophthalmology and many others. A healthcare provider can therefore be defined as a hospital where medical care is provided in various forms: laboratory investigation/diagnosis, clinical analysis, medical check-up, edical advice, surgery, blood transfusion, admission and so forth. Quality management in healthcare should be seen as a problem-solving process. How qualitative are the processes in our hospitals today? Are they of high standard or otherwise? The problem-solving process in any hospital environment cuts across all the contact points of the systemââ¬âright from the gatemen through the customer service executives, the nurses, the laboratory scienti sts, the pharmacists to the consulting room. This chain does not exclude the maintenance officers, the cleaners, administrative staff, the kitchen executives, the security men and all others that have one role or the other to play in the process of caring and live-saving. Quality management in healthcare will be examined in the following key areas viz: ? Information management ?Patient management ?Staff management ?Relationship management ?Human Resource Management. ?Corporate Social Responsibility Information management: This bothers on how organisational messages are communicated in our hospitals, vertically or horizontally? Are messages well relayed to their proper destinations? How do heads of departments in the healthcare system manage hospital information at their disposal? Do we maintain the professional secrecy in the job? Many of us are aware of doctor-patient confidentiality for instance. The laboratory scientist has a lot of information at his disposal. Does he shield the information from the third party? Does he label accurately his specimen to avoid mix-up of laboratory results to the patients? Are our nurses used to discussing such information casually? Do people divulge the hospitalââ¬â¢s classified information to the outsiders? These are heart-throbbing questions practitioners in healthcare should examine deeply from time to time. Telephone reception in hospital environment is another vital area where many hospital owners do not take seriously. Many nurses and other administrative healthcare workers lack telephone etiquette. In hospital environment, telephone reception should exceptionally be handled with courtesies and empathy because all patients calling the hospital lines, whether through the ntercom or hotlines, day or night are not doing so in vain or for pleasure. Many patients on admission are distressed and need urgent attention. The ringing of an emergency bell should serve as a saving grace to the in-patients. Some patient is in pains and wants to know if he should continue his dosage or come over to the clinicââ¬âthis has to be confirmed from the doctor almost immediately because the patient is waiting on the pho ne. Some patient will call to know when doctor A, B or C will be on duty because she has confidence in their treatment and prescriptions. An enrollee will want to know if he has been delisted by his HMO or whether his brother-in-law can come with his card and be treated on fee for service. We must not wait for the third ring before springing into action. This will prove us as real life-savers. The manner and approach by which a hospital staff attends to any of these patients in terms of the information they need will, to a large extent, depict the quality of service available in such a healthcare. Patient management: How do we manage our patients? Do we value one patient over another because of their differing backgrounds? Do we give them the required attention needed at all times? For how long do we delay them especially when they are distressed or in pains? As healthcare practitioners, do we give them due recognition as soon as they enter our facility? Whether an HMO, retainership or private patient, all patients must be accorded courtesies, recognition, sympathy and attention. Are the nurses giving them the total nursing care most hospitals/HMOs promised on the pages of their profiles, tracts or website? Do hospitals design and administer questionnaires on patientsââ¬â¢ satisfaction/dissatisfaction of their medical services so as to improve on various areas? Areas such as drug efficacy, hospital hygiene, doctorââ¬â¢s competence, nursesââ¬â¢ attitude and laboratory test results should be appraised by healthcare management as feedbacks from the patients. However, the best way to get feedback from patients is through interpersonal discussions and interview. By this, the healthcare practitioner can read beyond verbal discussions. This will help them improve on areas of deficiencies and at the same time know their strength. At times, in some hospitals, nurses are fond of passing the buck as to who will take the vital signs for a patient who is in pains or who will clean the medical pack. This attitude gives a negative impression of our ladies(men too work as nurses! ) clad in immaculate white to save lives. A patient is ethically and professionally protected on any medical information relating to them. Healthcare professionals especially doctors should protect their patients in this relationship because it is the right of the latter. Common observations have revealed that hospital practitioners like nurses and laboratory scientists in some instances are fond of discussing the confidential document or medical status of patients openly with colleagues to the hearing of other patients or even outsiders. Apart from the fact that this practice is unethical, it shows a betrayal of trust on the part of these supposed ââ¬Ëprofessionalsââ¬â¢ who are expected to be guardians of patientsââ¬â¢ confidential information. Patients with some pain should not be further unleashed with psychological pains through careless gist by healthcare staff during/after working hours. Some health workers would gossip in their OPD that so-so patient is XYZ, whereas a large percentage of people who visit hospitals these days are well aware that a patient whose card is marked XYZ is HIV positive. Although dynamic hospitals are finding alternative terms as tags on their patientsââ¬â¢ files, doctorââ¬â¢s reports or medical examination forms, all allied workers to the doctors in the healthcare should be well sensitised on the trauma such patients go through when their ailment is divulged to strangers without their consent. Another area of patient management in the healthcare is prescription and administration of drugs. This area largely constitutes the output of doctorsââ¬â¢ diagnosis/treatment. Patients will always accuse the providers of prescribing or dishing out ineffective drugs. The doctors on their part blame this on the economic system/proliferation of fake drugs since they are not the manufacturers of these drugs. Healthcare practitioners such as doctors and pharmacists should collaborate with NHIS, NMA and Pharmacists Association to tackle the problem of drug fakery in the country while each healthcare establishment should source their drugs from registered pharmaceutical companies such as Fidson, Evans, Reals, Emzor, Beecham or Pfizer for instance. This will make them achieve desired results in treatment of their patients. Oftentimes, patients never complete their drug dosage as prescribed by doctors. Sadly, they expect good result. But what we are told in medicine is that if a patient fails to complete the last two of a 4-4-2 anti-malarial drug at a specified time, for instance, such patient has to start all over again or take a complete dosage of another anti-malarial on doctorââ¬â¢s prescription. Patients should be oriented, by doctors, on dangers of not completing their drugs. Staff management: If you smile at a mirror, amazingly, it smiles back at you. This basically concerns the management of a healthcare whether government-owned or private. How do we manage our staff? Do we pay them as at when due? Do we express that a staff is more important than the other? Do we value viable ideas/proposals from members of staff or jettison them into the trash bin? An organised healthcare should realize that a tree does not make a forest. It should make all its members of staff work as team. For example, players in a football team cannot afford to play in disarray and achieve fruitful result. So is the practice in the theatre, in the labour and even during emergency. The combination of the efforts of the nurses, domestic staff, doctors and the laboratory scientist yield the desired result of life-saving. Members of staff in the healthcare should be team-players to achieve the high professional standard in our society. A hungry man, they say, is an angry man. Since the living of healthcare workers too largely depends on their salary, all stake-holders in the health sector should realize that prompt payment of workersââ¬â¢ salaries amounts to saving their (workersââ¬â¢)own lives too. Since they are the engine room of an organisation, they must be considered by the management of individual organisation as most important. Their sweat, their energy, their ideas and commitment to various responsibilities assigned to them willââ¬âin the long runââ¬âmake the organisation achieve its objectives. The good treatment of the internal publics by the management always reflects on the output of the business. Private hospitals should encourage research, paper presentations among staff and sponsor them for seminars so that they impact this for more efficiency in their healthcare establishments. Relationship management: Good interpersonal relationship in any organisation is the key to achieving success and growth. If certain colleagues are not in good talking terms, there can never be a quality managementââ¬âproblem solving processââ¬âin that organisation, especially in the healthcare where workersââ¬â¢ primary business is to save lives. Therefore, there should be good relationship between the staff and the top management; between the customer service and the nursing departments; between the domestic and the administrative department and so forth. All the departments of our hospitals or other healthcares like HMOs should be able to work as a team. As a former relationship manager in the healthcare, I had always got back to various departments/units on feedbacks from our clients to achieve this purpose. All forms of biases should be cancelled and a third party should always mediate between two conflicting groups or individuals. Quality management in our hospitals requires the concerted efforts of all people involved. Below is a sample questionnaire of Isalu Hospitals Limited, Ogba, Lagos on service evaluation: - Hospital Service Evaluation fig 1. Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent Caring attitude of doctors Nursesââ¬â¢ competence Neatness of our hospital environment Communication/listening skills Infrastructure: A/C, TV, Computers Performance of housekeepers Can you recommend our hospital to your family member/friend? Yes No Other commentsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. The above questionnaire was administered on 100 patients using Isalu Hospitals, Lagos in June 2009 and the following were the responses received. In all, 82 of the respondents said they could recommend the hospital(in terms of its ser vices) to their family and friends while 18 were indifferent. 70 of them rated doctorsââ¬â¢ performance as good, 21 as satisfactory and 9 as excellent. 65 of the respondents said the nursesââ¬â¢ performance was satisfactory, 25 said it was good and 10 said it was excellent. Under communication skills, 30 of the respondents ticked satisfactory, 33 ticked good and 37 excellent respectively. Also, 25% of the respondents ticked satisfactory, 35% ticked good while 40% ticked excellent under hygiene. On other comments,65 of the patient respondents said the hospitalââ¬â¢s bill was high, 20% said the hospital needed a bigger space while 15% were indifferent. The data can be vividly represented in fig. 1A, fig. 1B and fig. 1C respectively: fig. 1A fig 1B Fig 1C Basically there are two categories of people working in Isalu Hospitals. These are what I coin as: (a)Professional healthcare practitioners (b)Professionals in healthcare practice PROFESSIONAL HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS These are people who have received education and training in hospital-related courses such as medicine, nursing, pharmacy, laboratory science and so forth. They are our doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory scientists/technicians etc PROFESSIONALS IN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE All healthcare workers coming from backgrounds different from medicine and other allied courses are referred to as professionals in healthcare. These professionals are recruited from areas like Accounting, Banking and Finance, Business Administration, Marketing, Personnel Management, Economics, Mass Communication etc to be part of the problem-solving process in the hospital environment. Isalu Hospitals, like other healthcare organisation, is segmented into sundry departments based on the two categories mentioned above. Though some jobs are more professional oriented than others in this hospital, the jobs of the two categories are inextricably intertwined to achieve the desired objective, which is high standard. In order to continue to achieve professional excellence in our healthcare system, through human capital development, members of staff should undergo periodic training relevant to their background and job description. Human Resource Management: The most valued assets of any organisation are the people who may make or mar the quality management in such an establishment. Otherwise known as Human Capital Management (HCM), Human Resource Management is the strategic function of managing an establishmentââ¬â¢s most valued assetsââ¬âthe staff of such an organisation. The human resources department of any organisation is charged with not only employing but training, developing, directing and managing various talents in the workforce and as well putting in place development process in the organisation. The department responsible for recruiting the workforce in the healthcare, be it private or government-owned, should be competent enough to hire the right people. Both professional practitioners and other professionals in the profession should comprise this department. This will give room for people of right attitude, coupled with academic merits, to harness the system. Corporate Social Responsibility: Both private and government healthcare should be socially responsible to their immediate society. Isalu Hospitals for instance, publishes and distributes tracts that treat different topics in medicine. As part of its social responsibility, between 2008 and 2009 alone, more than N1m was expended on some portions of Wempco Road by the management of the hospitals not only to ease the traffic congestion but to alleviate motorcycle accidents on the sharp bend of the road to the hospital from Agidingbi Road. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Since the primary aim of establishment of healthcare institutions in Nigeria and elsewhere in the world is to save lives as well as care for people in pains and sicknesses, owners and administrators of hospitals and HMOââ¬â¢s should ensure quality management in this respect. National Health Insurance Scheme (HNIS) which constitutes the compass between the primary/secondary providers and the HMOââ¬â¢s should not renege on its efforts to separate the grain from the chaff in healthcare industry in Nigeria to ensure quality healthcare standard we deserve. In January 2010, the NHIS suspended further accreditation of Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOââ¬â¢s) and Healthcare Providers (HCPââ¬â¢s) for one year, justifying, inter alia, that ââ¬Å"Only 816 of the 3, 012 accredited primary healthcare providers have 500 lives (patients/enrollees) and aboveâ⬠and there was the need ââ¬Å" to strengthen the scheme and improve quality of healthcare services delivery through re-accreditation processesâ⬠The Governing Council of the NHIS further stated in the advertorial that ââ¬Å"( i) Only twenty-seven (27) of the sixty-one (61) HMOs operating under NHIS formal sector programme have lives (ii) Reports of re-accreditation exercises show that HMOs have not made sufficient progress in folding in Organised Private Sector (OPS) and other tiers of government into the schemeâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. (iv) The need to shift focus to re-accreditation processes of HMOs with the view to improving access to quality hea lthcare. â⬠The National Health Insurance Scheme should be further encouraged by the Federal Ministry of Health in making the quality management realistic. To achieve quality management in both government and rivate healthcare in Nigeria, only competent healthcare practitioners and other professionals who are ready for the challenges of the job should be employed and continually trained. It is also high time all the healthcare administrators as well as practitioners valued the sanctity of human lives. There should be a way of instituting a health security system where peopleââ¬â¢s lives will be guaranteed firstââ¬âwhether in times of accident, serious illness or deliveryââ¬âwhenever they are rushed into the hospitals in Nigeria. This may be through the HMOs or government hospitals. Hundreds of thousands of Nigerians have lost their lives because there was nobody to make financial deposit on their behalf for doctors to commence treatment. The social security gesture in the health sector should start from the government, perhaps through some allocation of some sort from the yearly budgets to the government hospitals in the first instance. Other registered healthcare with the government and the NHIS should be considered. GLOSSARY OF TERMS OPD: The out-patient department of a hospital where patients wait to be attended to by a nurse or doctor. It is a large room where people also wait to see the in-patientsââ¬âhospital reception. HMO: Also known as Health Insurance, Health Maintenance Organisation (HMO) is responsible for insuring peopleââ¬â¢s health through a payment called capitation. GP: General Practitioner (GP) is a doctor who has been trained in general medicine. IN-PATIENTS: Patients who are on admission in a hospital because they need special attention by the doctor. PAEDIATRICS: A branch of medicine that deals with care and treatment of children. A paediatrician is a specialist who diagnoses and treats children of their illnesses. SURGERY: A branch of medicine concerned with treatment of diseases, deformities, and injuries through operations on patients. GYNAECOLOGY: A branch of medicine that deals with diseases and fertility especially in women. A gynaecologist is a specialist in this area. OPHTHALMOLOGY: A specialisation in medicine concerned with the function, care as well as the disorders which affects the eyes. An ophthalmologist is a specialist that treats eye disorders. ENROLLEE: A patient who has registered with an HMO to receive medical care from a provider (hospital). TOTAL NURSING CARE: The kind of care that requires all the attention of the nurses to the patients during illness, accident and recovery. PROVIDER: A hospital that provides medical service to enrollees especially under HMO DOCTOR-PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITY: Professional secrecy in medical profession where patients enjoy confidentiality in matters relating to their health. It is unethical of a doctor and other health practitioners to divulge such information without the patientââ¬â¢s consent. VITAL SIGNS: The basic signs and symptoms of illness taken by nurses to assist doctors in diagnosis. They are routine checks including the temperature, pulse, blood pressure, blood/urine analysis and physical examination to evaluate organ function. FEE FOR SERVICE: A medical fee charged on an enrollee who has enjoyed medical service in a healthcare where they are not covered or registered under an HMO. Bibliography 1) Katib, I. K. (2008) Corporate Identity: Telephone Reception for Isalu Hospitals Limited A customer service presentation. 2) Katib, I. K. (2009) Isalu Hospitals: Beyond the Competitive Stage, A Paper Presentation at Isalu Hospitals Limited, Ogba, Lagos. 3) Katib, I. K. (2010) Telephone Paradigm for Crescent University: A Practical Approach, A Paper Presented at A One-Day Seminar, Facilitated by Public Relations Unit, Crescent University, Abeokuta. 4) Katib, I. K. (2010) Listening to your USP, A newspaper article published by Crescent Voice, Accreditation Special, June 2010, page 6. 5) Kreitner, R. (1980) Management: A Problem-solving Process, USA: Houghton Mufflin Company 6) Microsoftà ® Encartaà ® Encyclopedia 2002. à © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. 7) Oketola, D. (2009) Growing Business through Effective Talent Management, Adapted from The Punch Friday June 19, 2009. ) Onifade, A. (1999) Effect of Change and Time Management on Attainment of Organisational Goals, Adapted from The Polymath, 1999 Edition. 9) Osho, S. (1999) Political Public Relations and National Stability, Jedidiah Publishers, Abeokuta, Nigeria 10)Osunbiyi, B. (1999) Advertising Spiral, from Advertising: Principles and Practice, Gbenga Gbesan Publications, Abeokuta, Ogun State 11)Summers, D. (2005) Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Pearson Education Limited, Essex England. 12)Widdowson, H. (2006) Oxford Advanced Learnerââ¬â¢s Dictionary, Seventh Edition. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-51299640915220701802020-03-10T04:52:00.001-07:002020-03-10T04:52:03.265-07:00One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich vs. Invictuus the essaysOne day in the life of Ivan Denisovich vs. Invictuus the essays In both One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn and "Invictus" by Henley, the speakers are faced with the same raging physical and physiological battles. They both take different existentialist methods to assure survival in different situations. Existentialism is the belief that there is no higher being to rely on, you must guide yourself through life and make your own decisions and rely only on yourself. The narrator of Invictus basically tells of a misfortune that has occurred in his life and how no matter what problems occur you must be dependent on yourself. It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul. This is an example of how throughout the poem Henley portrays the existentialist belief. Henley will not let adversity stand in his way, he realizes that to overcome all obstacles he must do it on his own. Denisovich is faced with lots of hardships while being held captive. Ivan Denisovich uses existentialism to make it through the suffering. He admires other inmates who only rely on themselves and always remain dignified. Those who try to cheat there way through life and allow themselves to become savage because they are treated savagely, he looks down upon because they let there unfortunate circumstances run there lives. Both the narrator in Invictus and Ivan Denisovich are characters who are interchangeable because of there beliefs. The idea of existentialism allows both characters to rise above what has made life difficult for them individually. By pushing themselves over whatever is holding them back, they feel better about life and there are able to overcome more than people who sit back and wait for others to help them. Existentialism plays a big part in both the poem Invictus and in One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich. There beliefs allowed the... craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-56460287798771619982020-02-22T19:16:00.001-08:002020-02-22T19:16:03.817-08:00ANTH Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsANTH Final Paper - Essay Example ââ¬Å"Men average 152 centimeters (5 feet) in height and women 141 centimeters (4.5 feet). They are frequently referred to as pygmies, a term more correctly used for the central African Pygmy populations.â⬠(Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) They have traditionally been known as aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippine rain forest. For centuries they have been largely and hunter/gather culture using bows and arrows to hunt large game. Over the past hundred years they have interacted more with the Philippine civilization, especially the lowlanders and have worked as casual farm laborers as well. Many of Southeast Asias Negrito populations are quickly disappearing. There number have decreased dramatically in just over the past ten years and continue to decline. In fact, several Negrito populations in the Andaman Islands have disappeared completely in the past one hundred years. ââ¬Å"The 10 Negrito dialect groups in peninsular Malaysia number only 1,800 today, far fewer than in the last century. The Negrito groups in Thailand have declined to only 300 people.â⬠(Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) Ecology: Luzon has the largest number of Negritos, who reside in the mountains of Zambales, Bataan, Western Pampanga, Western Tarlac, Southwestern Pangasinan, and in the Sierra Madre range, which rims the eastern side of Luzon. The Negritos of the Sierra Madre refer to themselves and their language by the term Agta. The larger Philippine population usually refer to them as "Dumagats.â⬠The Agta have a population of around 9,000 and they are divided into 10 ethnolinguistic groups. The Agta themselves distinguish two types of groups within their communities. The first group resides in the mountains quite a distance from both the coastline and the towns. This population relies more on hunting and gathering and have very little contact with the Filipino lowland farmers. The second group lives much closer to farming settlements and interacts on a craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-24361390725528389772020-02-06T12:04:00.001-08:002020-02-06T12:04:02.045-08:00Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsCompany Law - Essay Example The specail committee has approved the payment of ?2 million as the consultation fees to Harry for effectively maneuvering acquisition of Durmstrang Ltd.At this juncture, we have to see the powers of such committees. If the main board has delegated the power to the committee to fix any amount as the consultation fees to any director without any ceiling, then the decision of such committee need not to be ratified by the main board. However , if the main board has not delegated the power to such a special committee to decide about any consultation fee to be paid to any director but only can make a recommendation to the main board and then, the main board has the final authority to accept or reject such a recommendation. In such scenario, as the main board has disapproved such payment, then the consultation fees paid to Harry has to be repaid to the company. However , it should be noted that taking Harryââ¬â¢s efforts in successfully handling such merger as it has added value to the company , it is suggested that Board should take into consideration before making any refusal to pay compensation as recommended by a special committee. ... y, is interested in a future business arrangement or transaction, he has the duty to divulge his extent and nature of his interest to other directors or to the Board2. S 177 also requires that the disclosure should be made to the company well before the start of such business arrangement or transaction3. Further, a director is expected that he is aware of the issues of which he ought to be known reasonably on such business transaction4. A director is bound to disclose his interestââ¬â¢s of another person also, if such other personââ¬â¢s interest tantamount to an indirect or a direct interest on the part of such director5. A director should divulge his interest when he ought practically conscious of the conflicting interest in any business transaction6. Further, the general rule as prescribed in s 175(1) restricts unauthorised clash of personal interest of directors with that of the company but not in duty to the company as decided in the case Bray v. Ford7 . In IDC v Cooley (19 72), it was held that Cooley was accountable only for not divulging a business opportunity when getting a sanction to pursue a new business, had the company itself might have seized the opportunity had it known previously8. In IDC v, Cooley case ,when a director who has received any information even in his private capacity but has only one capacity that it is in his capacity as director such information is being received . It was held in Bhullar v Bhullar9 that the infringement of duty emanates from the failure to exchange any relevant information to the company. The appellants were under an onus to divulge the necessary information to the company. (Mantysaari 2005:187). In Gardner v Parker10 , it was held that where the director had not divulged his interest in any business transaction, then such craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-7208300554727389012020-01-28T20:21:00.001-08:002020-01-28T20:21:03.409-08:00Homeland Security Essay Example for Free Homeland Security Essay The challenge to traditional policing issued in the 1970s has created a new concept of policing and that is the role of policing in homeland security. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the federal government has shifted to a policy of homeland security, and part of that has incorporated local firefighters and local police agencies (Oliver Hilgenberg, 2004). But the creation has a lot of inadequacies. First, so much confusion still abounds in terms of what homeland security means: is it simply being more watchful for suspicious activities, is it intelligence gathering on the part of patrol officers, or is it standing guard at possible terrorist targets in their jurisdictions? Another inadequacy is not so much determining if local police are going to play a role in this new public policy but rather what role they can play. And, beyond determining what role the police will play in homeland security, the natural extension of this is to ask who will pay. Moreover, as the public policy of homeland security is clearly a national policy issue, it would seem that the policy will be an intergovernmental one driven by the presidential administration. While there have been some intergovernmental grant programs implemented, many of these have been slow to reach the local level, raising further questions as to what role state and local police can play without the necessary resources. While it is too soon to determine how this new policy will play out in terms of policing in America, there is little doubt that this will be an active part of the public policy process in policing for years to come. As America responded quickly to the attacks by educating themselves on terrorism and demanding action from government, the president and the U. S. Congress quickly began a process of restructuring government to focus on antiterrorism (prevention techniques) and counterterrorism (how to actively respond to terrorists) measures in order to meet these new demands. The creation of the Office of Homeland Security and its subsequent passage as a cabinet-level department is an inclination that the national government is moving in this direction. In addition, many of the grants for local agencies are now centered on homeland security, and perhaps most telling is the fact that the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services had its budget slashed by the Bush administration, but the Department of Homeland Security has seen its budget allocations increase substantially. Although only time will tell if American law enforcement has entered into a new era of policing, there is little doubt that homeland security has become an overriding policy of the current administration and that, it will continue to be at least until January 2009 (Office of Homeland Security , 2002). Hence, a coordinated response to Homeland Security was good for interagency operations. That is why President George W. Bush signed the Homeland Security Act into law on November 25, 2002 (National Public Radio, 2002). It has been touted to be the greatest reorganization of the federal government since the beginning of the Cold War. Several departments have been assigned to the new Secretary for Homeland Security. Some of the agencies transferred to the Homeland Security (DHS) include the United States Secret Service, National Infrastructure Protection Center, Energy Assurance Office, National Communications System, United States Coast Guard, Customs Service, Transportation Security Administration, Federal Protective Service, Functions of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office of Domestic Preparedness, Selected functions of the Department of Agriculture, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center, Nuclear threat assessment programs, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Domestic Emergency Support Team, Metropolitan Medical Response System, National Disaster Medical System, Strategic National Stockpile of the Department of Public Health, Nuclear Incident Response Team, A new Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. Further, this new department is arranged under five Under Secretaries for: (1) Information Analysis and Infrastructure, (2) Science and Technology, (3) Border and Transportation Security, (4) Emergency Preparedness and Response, and (5) Management Services (Oliver, 341-342). The purpose of this massive reorganization of course is to centralize government planning and response. The DHS has been charged to cooperate and coordinate with state and local governments. The CIA and FBI remain separate agencies. In the homeland security, the government is calling for full participation by state and local agencies. Hence, it is good as it seeks to develop cooperative relationships with existing police agencies and homeland defense managers need to negotiate power sharing arrangements with state and local police. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-85966113749500619272020-01-20T16:45:00.001-08:002020-01-20T16:45:03.163-08:00The Best Day of their Life - Original Writing :: Papers The Best Day of their Life - Original Writing The ground was set with fresh frost from the cool night before. Ice covered the once lively pond, with only the lone duck perched on the ice. Icicles hung from the church roof like the cold fingers of the dead, pointing at the floor, and the final destination of all. The headstones of all the patrons of the church lay scattered about the graveyard, all of them in a bad state of disrepair. Some had been vandalised, many had just fallen foul of time. Spray cans lay on the floor in random locations, although many of them were congregated near the crumbling stone walls of the church. The church itself was at least four hundred years old and stood towering above the surrounding houses, like a sleeping giant among the humans. Copper roofing which had long turned green covered the majestic hall of the church, covered in the leftovers of the birds that enjoyed their stay there. A crooked weathervane hung from an old Christmas light, dangling just below the window often church steeple. The steeple had only one room in it which was just below the belfry. One cracked pane of glass allowed light to enter the dusty room, with a small hole in the bottom of the window allowing the gun barrel to poke out, armed with a scope through which a man stared. He had been there watching the churchyard, composing himself since the early morning. The sun had risen from the east and had reached its peak as the man lay in wait. Squirrels had been going about their business all morning, foraging nuts from the surrounding trees and hiding them in the ground. The feeling in his legs had disappeared slowly and now they were completely numb, so he decided to check his escape route one last time, making sure that it was completely clear; nothing must prevent him from a clean break. Pre-job jitters began to kick in; his hand shook as he once again placed it on the handle of craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-65814764777942466062020-01-12T13:09:00.001-08:002020-01-12T13:09:02.904-08:00Travelling TroublesTraveling is widely believed to broaden the mind and enrich the soul. The famous saying ââ¬Å"Don't tell me how educated you are, tell me how much you have traveledâ⬠indicates that travel can enlarge peopleââ¬â¢s knowledge efficiently. Many people believe that when you visit other places you experience new things and learn from them. To my mind, itââ¬â¢s impossible to imagine our life without traveling. Getting out of the place where you always live, then going to an unfamiliar place is a kind of unforgettable experience in your life. First of all traveling is visiting interesting places and meeting new people.It is connected with getting to know other cultures and traditions. Secondly, it is usually said that journeys educate, so traveling we can make our knowledge wider. Also we become more experienced and ready to cope with surrounding world if we learn something while being in journey. Furthermore, traveling is a psychological necessity, especially for people who hav e stressful jobs. There are people who do not want to travel for some reasons. Some enjoy the comfort of their homes. Others do not travel for fear of being robbed or losing their belongings.There are people who would rather put their money on material needs. Of course, journeys have some disadvantages, for example 1. high costs of traveling, 2. danger of disease, etc. So all you need to do is to take extra precautions to be sure that you have a safe journey. I am sure that pleasure of traveling and getting new experience is more important. Especially for those who enjoy the comfort of their homes there is one good saying ââ¬Å"No one realizes how beautiful it is to travel until he comes home and rests his head on his old, familiar pillowâ⬠. To sum up, 1. traveling is a very good way of spending time. . It can educate, give impressions, nice memories and let make friends. I can advise people to travel as ââ¬Å"The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page . â⬠Iââ¬â¢m fond of traveling and would travel much if I had a chance ? I think many people have travelled at least once at their life. I live fourteen years only but I have already travelled a lot. I love travelling very much. However, there are some advantages and disadvantages of travelling. 1. On the one hand, it is very interesting to learn more about other countries and about the world in a whole. 2. ou can meet new people and friends. Furthermore, if you travel abroad, you can practice a foreign language, for example, English. On the other hand, there are some drawbacks with travelling. 1. It is not so comfortable to travel to other countries, especially if it is far from your home. You must take a big luggage with you and it is very heavy. 2. Moreover, it is easier to learn interesting facts about exciting places from books and TV programmes and it very convenient in any case, isnââ¬â¢t it? 3. The third fact is that you just cannot leave your home animals without any look and care. here are many ways of spending our time. One of them is travelling. It has its own advantages and disadvantages. 1. First advantage of travelling is visiting interesting places and meeting new people. 2. It is connected with getting to know other cultures and traditions which is surely valuable. If you live in Russia, you can not leave the country, and lodge in its distant area and open for yourself something absolutely new. 3. Secondly, it is usually said that journeys educate, so whilst travelling as well as exploration we can make our knowledge wider. . Also we become more experienced and ready to cope with surrounding world if we learn something while being in journey. 5. The trip to other country is possibility to practise a foreign language, to improve the pronunciation, to learn about dialects. Such experience can help with study and in a crisis situation. Of couse, journeys has some crucial disadvantages. 1. Firstly, costs of travelling are often quiet hi gh for example travelling by plane, so naturally not everyone can afford. Therefore not all is presumed to themselves by trips abroad. . What is more, journeys especially foreign ones expose us to danger of disease or even death. Travelling can lead to fall ill and maybe then to expensive treatment or in case of fatal accident like for instance car and aerial one to death of many people. 3. Now many people refuse trips abroad, being afraid to catch one of flu kinds. A flu chandes every year, but cases of diseases and lethal outcomes recently have become frequent. 4. The next disadvantage is fatigue that occur while travelling.Most journeys last very long and it can make us feel tired. To sum up, travelling is a very good way of spending time. It can educate, give impressions, nice memories and let make friends. However, in my opinion travelling in spite of its whole advantages, it should not be the only way to learn about the world and ourselves. ? 5. Disadvantages: Unfamiliar terri tory may cause discomfort, travel expenses, being away from home/family, not being able to commuinicate well with the natives, getting travel sick and being unable to enjoy the experience. craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-42059218839714586872020-01-04T09:32:00.001-08:002020-01-04T09:32:03.475-08:00Essay about Religion in the World - 897 Words Religion is intertwined with culture, economics, politics, and modern social relationships on every dimension. Whether you attend a cathedral, a synagogue, or a mosque, habitually, intermittently, or abstain entirely, you simply cannot escape religion. Culture and religion share a symbiotic relationship influencing clothes, hair, attitudes, tradition, child rearing, how we pray, when we pray, how often we pray, and what we wear when we pray. In the Islà mic faith the custom of a woman covering herself in a hijab, modest clothing which covers the hair, neck and ears, is inexorably entangled with the religion, when in fact, the custom comes from Shari law, and not from the Qurââ¬â¢an. The religious habit worn by many Catholic nuns is alsoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The counseling resources administered by churches and the intervention in the lives of troubled youths bolster the economy in the abatement of vandalism and crime. By mentoring youths to complete their education, and offering tutoring sessions, churches encourage youths to strive for higher education, to realize their potential, and generate increased income.3Through offering after school programs and day care for individuals lacking resources to afford quality childcare, churches promote employment and an enhanced standard of living. In providing community services churches reduce the economic burden on society. Jerry Falwellââ¬â¢s brainchild the Moral Majority juggernauted to the forefront of national politics in the 1980ââ¬â¢s, the Moral Majority endorsed Republican candidate Ronald Regan over incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter4. Ironically, President Jimmy Carter was arguably the most moral American President, a President who created the Department of Education, a dedicated Sunday school teacher, and a faithful champion of human rights. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter did not share the same ultra-conservative views as the Religious Right. As a result, Rev. Jerry Falwell and his assemblage of righteous preachers were determined to unseat him. The Moral Majority postulated Democrats were un-patriotic, un-Christian and un-American.5 More recently, in his bid for election, despite being raised in the Christian faith,Show MoreRelatedWorld Religion2226 Words à |à 9 PagesReligion is a hard word to define. Some might define religion as believing in a high power, deities, or a single God. Others define it as a belief system that has more to do with culture and traditions being past down from generation to generation than anything. According to Ask.com (n.d.), religion is define as the belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. No one knows what the first religion was or when it was founded, but todayRead MoreWorld Religion1511 Words à |à 7 PagesDanielle Walker World Religions Field Trip Paper 4 May 2014 Different Peopleââ¬â¢s Way of Life Many individuals abide or live life along a set of guidelines or follow a certain religion and that conveys their way of life. Religions have many values, beliefs, and aspirations among them. Worldwide many religions are practiced daily although some may be practiced more than others on a daily basis. I have learned about many aspects, values, and what the motive to practicing a certain religion may give toRead MoreWorld Religion5936 Words à |à 24 Pages1-Understanding Religion STUDY QUESTIONS (Pages 1-29) Group A 1. What are some of the questions religion seek to answer? List some of the human needs served by religion? 2. Discuss a theory on origins of religion by one of the thinkers in the reading (Tylor, Frazer, Freud, James, Otto or Jung) that makes sense to you at the present time. 3. List and describe the eight elements that are developed in varying degrees in most religions? 4. Define what is meant by sacred in religion and give some examplesRead MoreWorld Religion: Christianity the Most Widespread Religion in The World1473 Words à |à 6 PagesAll over the world, there are many people who believe in something or someone of a higher power. There are about five billion people who believe in a higher power (Tiemann 526). There are six world religions that have followers all around the world. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the beliefRead MoreReligion Five Major World Religions Essay1047 Words à |à 5 Pages Religion 101 Brian R. Newsom REL 101 David Paul December 11, 2016 Religion 101 During these past weeks, I have made an effort to fathom religion as a whole. From end to end reading, study, independent research, viewing related video clips, and discussions with my co-workers, I now have a healthier understanding of the five major world religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism) and how each came into existence. I am thrilled to share with you some of theRead MoreThe Invention Of World Religions853 Words à |à 4 PagesTomoko Masuzawaââ¬â¢s literary work, The Invention of World Religions, provides a meticulous analysis of how the term ââ¬Å"world religionsâ⬠is categorized and used in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Masuzawa addresses how the categorization of world religions has changed throughout history and how different elements of each religion, such as texts, origin, and ability to expand have shaped the classification of that religion by scholars. By using the works of well-established scholars, she is ableRead Mor eEssay on Religions of the World1608 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Religions of the World Religion is big part of human life. Every area of the world has some kind of religion or belief system. Religion is defined as ââ¬Å"a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practicesâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Religionâ⬠Def.2). With such a large amount of religions today, religion is widely variegated, usually with divisions in each one. Despite the large amount of religions, I will only be covering only three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Read MoreReligion Of The World Essays1431 Words à |à 6 PagesReligion is interwoven with the social, economic, and political life of the people. It is properly one of the areas of interest to a sociologist because of its influence on the individual and its functions in society. Thus, religion unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden-beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a church all those who adhere to them. Important practice of religion is the observanceRead MoreReligion And The Modern World Essay1334 Words à |à 6 PagesReligions and civilization have always gone hand in hand, forming and evolving as time goes on. With so many various religions represented throughout history and in our diverse cultures, there are various subjects, ideas, and themes depicted and repeated. With so many concepts available to us in so many forms, we are able to easily compare and discuss their presence and how they integrate into concepts of the modern world. Two forms of religion are animism versus anthropocentrism. Animistic religionsRead MoreReligions of the World Essay673 Words à |à 3 PagesReligions of the World Since the creation of The Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter-Day Saints, there have been many controversies concerning the similarities and differences between Mormonism and Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism. Other than the obvious, that Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism believe that there are no more prophets, and Mormons believe that there are still prophets walking the earth today, differences between the faiths range in craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-12842516332352736282019-12-27T05:58:00.001-08:002019-12-27T05:58:03.216-08:00Top Engineering Schools in the United States craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-28019213994595541662019-12-19T01:47:00.001-08:002019-12-19T01:47:03.312-08:00Shirley Jackson Using Color To Symbolize Cruelty and Evil... Shirley Jackson What is humanitys true nature? Are people basically good, or basically evil? Over the centuries, many people have tried to find the answer to this question, to no avail. Author Shirley Jackson takes a definite stance on the issue throughout her work, arguing that people are basically evil. Many times, this theme is obviously stated in her stories, but sometimes it is woven in more subtly. In her short stories The Lottery,â⬠Elizabeth, and Flower Garden, Shirley Jackson uses color to symbolize the cruelty and evil common in everyday life. In ââ¬Å"The Lottery,â⬠Jackson tells the story of what appears to be an innocent festival in a small, rural town in the United States. All of the townspeople gather around a blackâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Traditionally, the color black is used to represent death; in the context of a ritual stoning, it represents both death and malice on the part of the townspeople participating in the event. As Cleanth Brooks and Robert Warren say in ââ¬Å"Shirley Jackson: ââ¬ËThe Lotteryââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ , much of the story is a commentary on the practice of scapegoating common in old ritual practices and in current ones such as tabloid reporting (224). This is also symbolized with the black boxââ¬âthe townspeople ââ¬Å"[keep] their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stoolâ⬠(Jackson ââ¬Å"The Lotteryâ⬠292) that the box is kept on when it is brought out, and focusing any visible nerves on the black box and the black mark that means their death. In this way, the color black becomes a physical manifestation of the townspeopleââ¬â¢s cruelty, as they have come to fear it rather than the people who may kill them during the ritual. The theme of color used to symbolize cruelty is continued in Jacksonââ¬â¢s short story, ââ¬Å"Elizabeth,â⬠although it is more subtle than in some of her other stories. The titular character is a disappointed woman in her thirties, carrying on a loveless relationship with her boss. In general, the theme of hidden evil in everyday life is harder to pick out than in many of Jacksonââ¬â¢s other storiesââ¬âthere is no horrifying twist or startling revelation to make the theme more obvious. Cruelty is instead shown in the craigwilli62http://www.blogger.com/profile/17663744944182845230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8159929665646518004.post-45484589463289420522019-12-10T22:29:00.001-08:002019-12-10T22:29:03.090-08:00Sustainability Reporting Style of Wesfarmers and Woolworths Limited Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Reporting Style of Wesfarmers Limited and Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction In the recent era, massive progress can be seen in the businesses all over the world and the businesses are expanding is a very fast pace. Thus, the companies are able to generate more amounts of revenues and profitability. However, it has been seen that the business activities of these companies have negative effects on the environment, community and the people of community. For this reason, it is the responsibility of the companies to adopt the strategies of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability. In this situation, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is considered as a major tool to promote sustainability and corporate social responsibility in the companies. The main aim of this repost is to compare and contrast the sustainability reporting style of two Australian companies that use GRI guidelines for sustainability. For this report, two Australia corporations are selected; they are Wesfarmers Limited and Woolworths Limited. Purpose of Sustainability Report It can be seen that both Woolworths and Wesfarmers use to prepare well-structured sustainability report according to the guidelines of GRI. In case of both the companies, there are some major purpose behind the development of sustainability reports. They are discussed below: Woolworths The major purposes of sustainability reporting in Woolworths are discussed below: People: Creating diversity in the workplace is a major purpose of sustainability reporting in Woolworths. Women should occupy 40 percent of the position of executives and senior managers posts in Woolworths as per the sustainability strategy of the country. In addition, the company has taken major initiatives to reduce the wage gap between men and women. According to the initiative of Federal Governments Employment Parity Initiative, including indigenous people in the workforce is a major purpose of the sustainability reporting of Woolworths (woolworthsgroup.com.au 2017). Planet: Another major sustainability reporting purpose of Woolworths is to make a healthy Australia by reducing environmental pollution. There are two sub purpose sunder this initiative. They are to work towards zero food wastage and to reduce carbon emission below 10% level (woolworthsgroup.com.au 2017). Prosperity: Another major purpose of sustainability of Woolworths is to establish a trusted relation with their stakeholders. In this context, the purpose of Woolworth is to inspire the customers to buy their products in the healthy and sustainable way. With the help of sustainability reporting, Woolworths is determined to get the top quality ranking (woolworthsgroup.com.au 2017). Wesfarmers The sustainability reporting purpose of Woolworths is discussed below: People: Development of people is one prime purpose of sustainability reporting in Wesfarners. It is the sustainability objective of Wesfarmers to provide safe workplace to the employees of their company. The employees of Wesfarmers get better opportunities to enhance their career (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Sourcing: Another major purpose of sustainability reporting in Wesfarmers is to maintain a good relationship with the suppliers of their company. The company is determined to source products in a responsible way without harming the environment. Community: It is the purpose of Wesfarmerss sustainability initiatives to provide their customers with safe products in order to make positive contribution towards the community (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Environment: Another major purpose of sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers is to reduce the amount of carbon emission in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change. In this process, waste reduction is another sustainability purpose of Wesfarners. As a result of this purpose, the company has taken many crucial initiatives to reduce the negative effects of environmental pollution (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Governance: Another major purpose of the sustainability reporting as per GRI in Wesfarners is to maintain robust policies for corporate governance. Stakeholders It needs to be mentioned that every business organization develop the sustainability reports for some of the key stakeholders of their organizations. There is not any exception of this fact in the cases of Woolworths and Westerners. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that both Woolworths and Wesfarmers have the same stakeholders, which are interested in the sustainability reports of these companies. The first stakeholder is the investors. As the people of Australia become more environment and sustainability conscious, they consider the sustainability reports before investing (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). The second stakeholder is the community people. It can be seen that the operational activities of the companies affect the environment and the community people. For this reason, the people of community are interested in the sustainability reports of these companies as the sustainability actions will bring good for them. The next stakeholder is the young Australian that is in need of jobs. It needs to be mentioned that it is one of the major sustainable objectives of both the companies to create jobs in the market. Due to this, the young Australian will be interested in the sustainable reports of these companies (woolworthsgroup.com.au 2017). Thus, these are the major stakeholders of these two companies for sustainability reports. Differences between Sustainability Reports From the above discussion, it can be seen that both Woolworths and Wesfarmers use to publish their sustainability reports on yearly basis. In this context, it is crucial to mention that both the companies use the guidelines of GRI at the time to prepare their sustainability reports. The overall objective of both Woolworths and Wesfarmers is same for sustainability reporting. However, there are some major differences between the sustainability reporting of Woolworths and Wesfarmers. The major difference can be seen in the purpose of sustainability reports of Woolworths and Wesfarmers. The three major purpose of the preparation of sustainability reports of Woolworths are people, planet and prosperity (wow2016cr.qreports.com.au 2017). Based on these three aspects, Woolworths uses to develop their sustainability reports. As per 2016 sustainability report of Woolworths, different type of description and information is provided in it. However, in case of Wesfarners, it can be seen that the company has different set of purpose of sustainability reports. Apart from the common purposes of sustainability, some additional sustainability purposes can be seen for Wesfarmers; they are sourcing and governance. It needs to be mentioned that the 2016 sustainability report of Wesfarners also includes all the details and information regarding the purpose of sustainability (sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Apart from the purposes, differences can be seen in the structure of the sustainability reports of these two companies. It can be seen that there are four sections in the 2016 sustainability report of Woolworths; they are performance highlight, group review, business review and other information (wow2016cr.qreports.com.au 2017). However, the structure of 2016 sustainability report of Wesfarners is different. There are four major parts in 2016-sustainability report of Wesfarners; they are sustainability at Wesfarners, managing directors welcome, detail about the companys major principles and details about the business of the company. By observing the sustainability repots of both Woolworths and Wesfarmers, it can be seen that the details about GRI reporting have been provided in different formats. In case of Woolworths, all the GRI indexes are provided at the end of the report with the page numbers. However, in case of the 2016 sustainability report of Wesfarmers, the GRI indexes are provided in the form of footnotes in each page (sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Thus, as per this discussion, it can be observed that there are some crucial differences between the sustainability reports of Woolworths and Wesfarmers. Importance of Sustainability Reporting It needs to be compulsory for the companies to publish their sustainability reports based on the guidelines of GRI. The major reason is that the there are many benefits for the sustainability report preparation as per the guidelines of GRI. They are discussed below: Building Trust: Sustainability reports help in bringing transparency about non-financial performance of the companies that helps in the reduction of reputation risks of the companies (globalreporting.org 2017). Improved Systems and Processes: With the help of GRI guidelines, business organizations become able to examine the effectiveness of internal management and business decision-making processes of the companies (James 2015). Vision and Strategy: Sustainability reporting helps the companies to properly engage with their stakeholders. This particular process leads to the development of robust visions and strategies for the businesses (Toppinen et al. 2012). Reduction in Compliance Cost: The measurement of sustainability performance helps the companies in complying with the regulatory requirements and this process reduces compliance cost for the companies (Toppinen and Korhonen?Kurki 2013). Competitive Advantage: With the help of sustainability reporting, companies can build goodwill in the market. This process provides them with the necessary competitive advantages (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero and Ruiz 2014). According to the above discussion, it can be observed that there are many benefits of the adoption of GRI guidelines for the preparation of sustainability reports. For this reason, it is compulsory for the business organizations to prepare sustainability reports based on the principles of GRI. Conclusion The above discussion shows the analysis and evaluation of sustainability reporting of Woolworths and Wesfarmers. The above discussion shows that both the companies have different purpose for the preparation of sustainability reports based on the guiding principles of GRI. The analysis shows that there are some key differences between the sustainability reports of Woolworths and Wesfarmers. They are the structure, content and information in the sustainability reports and others. The study also shows that there are many benefits of developing sustainability reports based on the principles of GRI. Thus, it is compulsory for the companies to adopt it. References Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. and Ruiz, S., 2014. Commitment to corporate social responsibility measured through global reporting initiative reporting: Factors affecting the behavior of companies.Journal of Cleaner Production,81, pp.244-254. globalreporting.org. (2017).The benefits of sustainability reporting. [online] Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/The-benefits-of-sustainability-reporting.pdf [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. James, M.L., 2015.The Benefits Of Sustainability And Integrated Reporting: An Investigation Of Accounting Majors'perceptions.Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues,18(1), p.1. sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. (2017).2016 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT. 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